Exploring genetic associations between vitiligo and mental disorders using Mendelian randomization
Yingwei Wang
Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorTao Yao
Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorYunlu Lin
Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorLili Ye
Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorShuting Li
Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yu Gao
Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Correspondence
Yu Gao and Jianming Wu, Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, ZheJiang Province 325027, China.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jianming Wu
Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Correspondence
Yu Gao and Jianming Wu, Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, ZheJiang Province 325027, China.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorYingwei Wang
Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorTao Yao
Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorYunlu Lin
Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorLili Ye
Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorShuting Li
Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yu Gao
Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Correspondence
Yu Gao and Jianming Wu, Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, ZheJiang Province 325027, China.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jianming Wu
Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Correspondence
Yu Gao and Jianming Wu, Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, ZheJiang Province 325027, China.
Email: [email protected] and [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Although a large number of existing studies have confirmed that people with vitiligo are prone to mental disorders, these observational studies may be subject to confounding factors and reverse causality, so the true causal relationship is inconclusive. We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causality between vitiligo and mental disorders, namely depression, anxiety, insomnia, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Summary statistics from large available genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for generalized vitiligo (n = 44 266), depression (n = 173 005), anxiety (n = 17 310), insomnia (n = 386 988), schizophrenia (n = 130 644), bipolar disorder (n = 413 466), OCD (n = 9725) and ADHD (n = 225 534) were utilized. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger and weighted median were employed to estimate causal effects. Sensitivity analysis and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outliers (MR PRESSO) were conducted to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy, ensuring the robustness of the results. Additionally, we corrected for estimating bias that might be brought on by sample overlap using MRlap. In our findings, none of the rigorous bidirectional MR analyses uncovered a significant causal association. Even after applying the MRlap correction, the effect sizes remained statistically nonsignificant, thereby reinforcing the conclusions drawn via IVW. In summary, our genetic-level investigation did not reveal a causal link between generalized vitiligo and mental disorders.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The GWAS data used in our analysis are from published GWAS original texts or public open databases, and we would like to thank the original data contributors who contributed to this analysis, without whose research we would not have been able to conduct this analysis. Links or websites where the data used in this paper are detailed in Table 1.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| exd14979-sup-0001-FigureS1.pdfPDF document, 5.5 MB |
Figure S1 Scatter plots of estimates for the association of generalized vitiligo with (a) depression, (b) anxiety, (c) insomnia, (d) schizophrenia, (e) bipolar disorder, (f) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and (g) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The causal influence is represented by the slope value, which is equal to the b-value computed using the three methods. A positive slope denotes a risk factor for exposure, whereas a negative slope suggests the reverse. |
| exd14979-sup-0002-FigureS2.pdfPDF document, 4.1 MB |
Figure S2 Funnel plots of estimates for the association of generalized vitiligo with (a) depression, (b) anxiety, (c) insomnia, (d) schizophrenia, (e) bipolar disorder, (f) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and (g) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). |
| exd14979-sup-0003-FigureS3.pdfPDF document, 7.4 MB |
Figure S3 Leave-one-out results for generalized vitiligo with (a) depression, (b) anxiety, (c) insomnia, (d) schizophrenia, (e) bipolar disorder, (f) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and (g) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). |
| exd14979-sup-0004-TableS1.xlsxExcel 2007 spreadsheet , 51.4 KB |
Table S1 Robust significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for vitiligo. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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