Recent Nanotechnologies to Overcome the Bacterial Biofilm Matrix Barriers
Xinyi Lv
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorLeichen Wang
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorAnqing Mei
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorYan Xu
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorXiaohong Ruan
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorWenjun Wang
School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059 China
Search for more papers by this authorJinjun Shao
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dongliang Yang
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xiaochen Dong
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116 China
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorXinyi Lv
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorLeichen Wang
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorAnqing Mei
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorYan Xu
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorXiaohong Ruan
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorWenjun Wang
School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059 China
Search for more papers by this authorJinjun Shao
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dongliang Yang
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xiaochen Dong
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816 China
School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116 China
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Bacterial biofilm-related infectious diseases severely influence human health. Under typical situations, pathogens can colonize inert or biological surfaces and form biofilms. Biofilms are functional aggregates that coat bacteria with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The main reason for the failure of biofilm infection treatment is the low permeability and enrichment of therapeutic agents within the biofilm, which results from the particular features of biofilm matrix barriers such as negatively charged biofilm components and highly viscous compact EPS structures. Hence, developing novel therapeutic strategies with enhanced biofilm penetrability is crucial. Herein, the current progress of nanotechnology methods to improve therapeutic agents’ penetrability against biofilm matrix, such as regulating material morphology and surface properties, utilizing the physical penetration of nano/micromotors or microneedle patches, and equipping nanoparticles with EPS degradation enzymes or signal molecules, is first summarized. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and future implementations of engineered delivery systems to manage biofilm infections are presented in detail.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
- 1K. Sauer, P. Stoodley, D. M. Goeres, L. Hall-Stoodley, M. Burmølle, P. S. Stewart, T. Bjarnsholt, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2022, 20, 608.
- 2R. M. Donlan, J. W. Costerton, Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2002, 15, 167.
- 3Y.-K. Wu, N.-C. Cheng, C.-M. Cheng, Trends Biotechnol. 2019, 37, 505.
- 4C.-W. Chen, C.-Y. Hsu, S.-M. Lai, W.-J. Syu, T.-Y. Wang, P.-S. Lai, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2014, 78, 88.
- 5M. R. Parsek, P. K. Singh, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2003, 57, 677.
- 6D. Sharma, L. Misba, A. U. Khan, Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control 2019, 8, 76.
- 7C. R. Arciola, D. Campoccia, L. Montanaro, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2018, 16, 397.
- 8D. M. Daubert, B. F. Weinstein, Periodontol. 2000 2019, 81, 29.
- 9R. D. Wolcott, G. D. Ehrlich, JAMA, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2008, 299, 2682.
- 10R. M. Donlan, Clin. Infect. Dis. 2011, 52, 1038.
- 11K. Schilcher, R. H. Alexander, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2020, 84, e00026.
- 12A. El Salabi, T. R. Walsh, C. Chouchani, Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 2013, 39, 113.
- 13H.-C. Flemming, J. Wingender, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2010, 8, 623.
- 14L. Karygianni, Z. Ren, H. Koo, T. Thurnheer, Trends Microbiol. 2020, 28, 668.
- 15C. R. Arciola, D. Campoccia, P. Speziale, L. Montanaro, J. W. Costerton, Biomaterials 2012, 33, 5967.
- 16J. C. Nwabuife, A. M. Pant, T. Govender, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2021, 178, 113861.
- 17W. Xiu, L. Wan, K. Yang, X. Li, L. Yuwen, H. Dong, Y. Mou, D. Yang, L. Wang, Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 3875.
- 18H. Dong, K. Yang, Y. Zhang, Q. Li, W. Xiu, M. Ding, J. Shan, Y. Mou, Int. J. Nanomed. 2022, 17, 2735.
- 19Y. Hu, X. Ruan, X. Lv, Y. Xu, W. Wang, Y. Cai, M. Ding, H. Dong, J. Shao, D. Yang, X. Dong, Nano Today 2022, 46, 101602.
- 20J. W. Costerton, Z. Lewandowski, D. E. Caldwell, D. R. Korber, H. M. Lappin-Scott, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 1995, 49, 711.
- 21K. Forier, K. Raemdonck, S. C. De Smedt, J. Demeester, T. Coenye, K. Braeckmans, J. Controlled Release 2014, 190, 607.
- 22C. Martin, W. L. Low, A. Gupta, M. C. I. M. Amin, I. Radecka, S. T. Britland, P. Raj, K. M. A. Kenward, Curr. Pharm. Des. 2015, 21, 43.
- 23M. de Celis, L. Serrano-Aguirre, I. Belda, R. Liébana-García, M. Arroyo, D. Marquina, I. de la Mata, A. Santos, Sci. Total Environ. 2021, 799, 149401.
- 24S. E. Birk, J. A. J. Haagensen, H. K. Johansen, S. Molin, L. H. Nielsen, A. Boisen, Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2020, 9, 1901779.
- 25Y. Li, W. Zhu, J. Li, H. Chu, Colloids Surf., B 2021, 198, 111465.
- 26J. N. C. Fong, F. H. Yildiz, Microbiol. Spectr. 2015, 3, 3.
10.1128/microbiolspec.MB-0004-2014 Google Scholar
- 27X. Liu, B. Cao, L. Yang, J.-D. Gu, Biotechnol. Adv. 2022, 56, 107915.
- 28P. Banerjee, P. K. Sahoo, Sheenu, A. Adhikary, R. Ruhal, D. Jain, Biotechnol. Adv. 2021, 81, 101001.
- 29P. Bhatt, K. Bhatt, Y. Huang, J. Li, S. Wu, S. Chen, Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 2022, 1.
- 30Y. Guo, Y. Zhao, X. Tang, T. Na, J. Pan, H. Zhao, S. Liu, Water Res. 2021, 191, 116802.
- 31K. Sharma, A. P. Singh, Foods 2018, 7, 42.
- 32J. B. Kaplan, in Microbial Biofilms: Methods and Protocols, (Ed.: G. Donelli), Springer, New York 2014, pp. 203–213.
10.1007/978-1-4939-0467-9_14 Google Scholar
- 33U. Kim, J.-H. Kim, S.-W. Oh, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2022, 62, 5783.
- 34S. Liu, H. Lu, S. Zhang, Y. Shi, Q. Chen, Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 427.
- 35R. Ramakrishnan, A. K. Singh, S. Singh, D. Chakravortty, D. Das, J. Biol. Chem. 2022, 298, 102352.
- 36S. Fulaz, S. Vitale, L. Quinn, E. Casey, Trends Microbiol. 2019, 27, 915.
- 37X. Gao, J. Ding, C. Liao, J. Xu, X. Liu, W. Lu, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2021, 179, 114008.
- 38Y. Hu, H. Li, X. Lv, Y. Xu, Y. Xie, L. Yuwen, Y. Song, S. Li, J. Shao, D. Yang, Nanoscale 2022, 14, 12967.
- 39Z. Li, N. Song, Y.-W. Yang, Matter 2019, 1, 345.
- 40W. Xiu, S. Gan, Q. Wen, S. Dai, H. Dong, Q. Li, L. Yuwen, L. Weng, Z. Teng, Y. Mou, L. Wang, Research 2020, 2020, 9426453.
- 41J. A. Kloepfer, R. E. Mielke, J. L. Nadeau, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2005, 71, 2548.
- 42S. Chernousova, M. Epple, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 1636.
- 43P. M. Narayanan, W. S. Wilson, A. T. Abraham, M. Sevanan, J. Bionanosci. 2012, 2, 329.
10.1007/s12668-012-0061-6 Google Scholar
- 44P. Mohanpuria, N. K. Rana, S. K. Yadav, J. Nanopart. Res. 2008, 10, 507.
- 45J. Zhang, Q. Xu, H. Li, S. Zhang, A. Hong, Y. Jiang, N. Hu, G. Chen, H. Fu, M. Yuan, B. Dai, L. Chu, D. Yang, Y. Xie, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2022, 13, 6721.
- 46R. F. M. Elshaarawy, L. A. Ismail, M. Y. Alfaifi, M. A. Rizk, E. E. Eltamany, C. Janiak, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020, 152, 709.
- 47H. M. Fahmy, A. M. Mosleh, A. A. Elghany, E. Shams-Eldin, E. S. Abu Serea, S. A. Ali, A. E. Shalan, RSC Adv. 2019, 9, 20118.
- 48F. Khan, M. U. Hashmi, N. Khalid, M. Q. Hayat, A. Ikram, H. A. Janjua, Appl. Surf. Sci. 2016, 387, 317.
- 49A. M. Wagner, J. M. Knipe, G. Orive, N. A. Peppas, Acta Biomater. 2019, 94, 44.
- 50H. Mattoussi, G. Palui, H. B. Na, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2012, 64, 138.
- 51H. Mattoussi, J. M. Mauro, E. R. Goldman, G. P. Anderson, V. C. Sundar, F. V. Mikulec, M. G. Bawendi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12142.
- 52B. Geng, P. Li, F. Fang, W. Shi, J. Glowacki, D. Pan, L. Shen, Carbon 2021, 184, 375.
- 53H.-J. Jian, J. Yu, Y.-J. Li, B. Unnikrishnan, Y.-F. Huang, L.-J. Luo, D. H.-K. Ma, S. G. Harroun, H.-T. Chang, H.-J. Lin, J.-Y. Lai, C.-C. Huang, Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 386, 123913.
- 54P. Li, S. Liu, W. Cao, G. Zhang, X. Yang, X. Gong, X. Xing, Chem. Commun. 2020, 56, 2316.
- 55P. Li, S. Liu, X. Yang, S. Du, W. Tang, W. Cao, J. Zhou, X. Gong, X. Xing, Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 403, 126387.
- 56X. Li, C.-H. Wong, T.-W. Ng, C.-F. Zhang, K. C.-F. Leung, L. Jin, Int. J. Nanomed. 2016, 11, 2471.
- 57X. Lv, Y. Xu, X. Ruan, D. Yang, J. Shao, Y. Hu, W. Wang, Y. Cai, Y. Tu, X. Dong, Acta Biomater. 2022, 146, 107.
- 58D. P. Linklater, V. A. Baulin, S. Juodkazis, R. J. Crawford, P. Stoodley, E. P. Ivanova, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2021, 19, 8.
- 59M. Sun, K. F. Chan, Z. Zhang, L. Wang, Q. Wang, S. Yang, S. M. Chan, P. W. Y. Chiu, J. J. Y. Sung, L. Zhang, Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2201888.
- 60M. Fan, J. Si, X. Xu, L. Chen, J. Chen, C. Yang, J. Zhu, L. Wu, J. Tian, X. Chen, X. Mou, X. Cai, Carbohydr. Polym. 2021, 257, 117636.
- 61A. Vishwakarma, F. Dang, A. Ferrell, H. A. Barton, A. Joy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 9440.
- 62B. He, S. Ma, G. Peng, D. He, Nanomedicine 2018, 14, 365.
- 63O. Habimana, M. Zanoni, S. Vitale, T. O'Neill, D. Scholz, B. Xu, E. Casey, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2018, 526, 419.
- 64X.-Y. Qu, Y. Hong, H. Cai, X. Sun, Q. Shen, D.-L. Yang, X.-C. Dong, A.-H. Jiao, P. Chen, J.-J. Shao, Rare Met. 2022, 41, 56.
- 65X. Lv, J. Zhang, D. Yang, J. Shao, W. Wang, Q. Zhang, X. Dong, J. Mater. Chem. B 2020, 8, 10700.
- 66Z. Qiao, Y. Yao, S. Song, M. Yin, J. Luo, J. Mater. Chem. B 2019, 7, 830.
- 67Y. Liu, Y. Ren, Y. Li, L. Su, Y. Zhang, F. Huang, J. Liu, J. Liu, T. G. van Kooten, Y. An, L. Shi, H. C. van der Mei, H. J. Busscher, Acta Biomater. 2018, 79, 331.
- 68S. Wu, C. Xu, Y. Zhu, L. Zheng, L. Zhang, Y. Hu, B. Yu, Y. Wang, F.-J. Xu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2103591.
- 69Y. Gao, J. Wang, M. Chai, X. Li, Y. Deng, Q. Jin, J. Ji, ACS Nano 2020, 14, 5686.
- 70E. Limqueco, D. P. Da Silva, C. Reichhardt, F.-Y. Su, D. Das, J. Chen, S. Srinivasan, A. Convertine, S. J. Skerrett, M. R. Parsek, P. S. Stayton, D. M. Ratner, ACS Infect. Dis. 2020, 6, 2866.
- 71Y. Liu, Y. Huang, D. Kim, Z. Ren, M. J. Oh, D. P. Cormode, A. T. Hara, D. T. Zero, H. Koo, Nano Lett. 2021, 21, 9442.
- 72D. A. Kuznetsova, G. A. Gaynanova, L. A. Vasileva, G. V. Sibgatullina, D. V. Samigullin, A. S. Sapunova, A. D. Voloshina, I. V. Galkina, K. A. Petrov, L. Y. Zakharova, J. Mater. Chem. B 2019, 7, 7351.
- 73S. Giovagnoli, D. Pietrella, L. Barberini, C. Santi, A. Carotti, A. di Michele, M. Ricci, Int. J. Pharm. 2017, 528, 144.
- 74G. Hwang, A. J. Paula, E. E. Hunter, Y. Liu, A. Babeer, B. Karabucak, K. Stebe, V. Kumar, E. Steager, H. Koo, Sci. Rob. 2019, 4, eaaw2388.
- 75T. Bhuyan, A. T. Simon, S. Maity, A. K. Singh, S. S. Ghosh, D. Bandyopadhyay, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 43352.
- 76Z. Jin, K. T. Nguyen, G. Go, B. Kang, H.-K. Min, S.-J. Kim, Y. Kim, H. Li, C.-S. Kim, S. Lee, S. Park, K.-P. Kim, K. M. Huh, J. Song, J.-O. Park, E. Choi, Nano Lett. 2019, 19, 8550.
- 77C. Zhang, C. Du, J.-Y. Liao, Y. Gu, Y. Gong, J. Pei, H. Gu, D. Yin, L. Gao, Y. Pan, Biomater. Sci. 2019, 7, 2833.
- 78A. Tay, H. McCausland, A. Komeili, D. Di Carlo, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1904178.
- 79K. E. Peyer, L. Zhang, B. J. Nelson, Nanoscale 2013, 5, 1259.
- 80J. Tan, X. Zhang, X. Wang, C. Xu, S. Chang, H. Wu, T. Wang, H. Liang, H. Gao, Y. Zhou, Y. Zhu, Cell 2021, 184, 2665.
- 81M. M. Stanton, B.-W. Park, D. Vilela, K. Bente, D. Faivre, M. Sitti, S. Sánchez, ACS Nano 2017, 11, 9968.
- 82D. Zhong, W. Li, Y. Qi, J. He, M. Zhou, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1910395.
- 83J. Li, P. Angsantikul, W. Liu, B. Esteban-Fernández de Ávila, X. Chang, E. Sandraz, Y. Liang, S. Zhu, Y. Zhang, C. Chen, W. Gao, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1704800.
- 84J. Li, B. Esteban-Fernández de Ávila, W. Gao, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Sci. Rob. 2017, 2, eaam6431.
- 85V. Garcia-Gradilla, S. Sattayasamitsathit, F. Soto, F. Kuralay, C. Yardımcı, D. Wiitala, M. Galarnyk, J. Wang, Small 2014, 10, 4154.
- 86W. Wang, S. Li, L. Mair, S. Ahmed, T. J. Huang, T. E. Mallouk, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 3201.
- 87J. Huo, Q. Jia, H. Huang, J. Zhang, P. Li, X. Dong, W. Huang, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2021, 50, 8762.
- 88X. Ji, H. Yang, W. Liu, Y. Ma, J. Wu, X. Zong, P. Yuan, X. Chen, C. Yang, X. Li, H. Lin, W. Xue, J. Dai, ACS Nano 2021, 15, 14218.
- 89T. Cui, S. Wu, Y. Sun, J. Ren, X. Qu, Nano Lett. 2020, 20, 7350.
- 90J. Peng, S. Xie, K. Huang, P. Ran, J. Wei, Z. Zhang, X. Li, J. Mater. Chem. B 2022, 10, 4189.
- 91S. Tang, F. Zhang, H. Gong, F. Wei, J. Zhuang, E. Karshalev, B. Esteban-Fernández de Ávila, C. Huang, Z. Zhou, Z. Li, L. Yin, H. Dong, H. F. Ronnie, X. Zhang, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Sci. Rob. 2020, 5, eaba6137.
- 92Y. Su, M. Ding, H. Dong, Y. Hu, D. Yang, J. Shao, B. Huang, Mater. Chem. Front. 2022, 6, 2596.
- 93M. Xuan, J. Shao, X. Lin, L. Dai, Q. He, Chemphyschem 2014, 15, 2255.
- 94J. A. M. Delezuk, D. E. Ramírez-Herrera, B. Esteban-Fernández de Ávila, J. Wang, Nanoscale 2017, 9, 2195.
- 95E. Teirlinck, R. Xiong, T. Brans, K. Forier, J. Fraire, H. Van Acker, N. Matthijs, R. De Rycke, S. C. De Smedt, T. Coenye, K. Braeckmans, Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 4518.
- 96B. Cao, X. Lyu, C. Wang, S. Lu, D. Xing, X. Hu, Biomaterials 2020, 262, 120341.
- 97R. Jamaledin, C. K. Y. Yiu, E. N. Zare, L.-N. Niu, R. Vecchione, G. Chen, Z. Gu, F. R. Tay, P. Makvandi, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2002129.
- 98J. Xu, R. Danehy, H. Cai, Z. Ao, M. Pu, A. Nusawardhana, D. Rowe-Magnus, F. Guo, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 14640.
- 99X. Yu, J. Zhao, D. Fan, Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 437, 135475.
- 100K. P. Rumbaugh, K. Sauer, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2020, 18, 571.
- 101P. J. Weldrick, M. J. Hardman, V. N. Paunov, Mater. Chem. Front. 2021, 5, 961.
- 102D. Yang, L. Sun, L. Xue, X. Wang, Y. Hu, J. Shao, L. Fu, X. Dong, J. Innovative Opt. Health Sci. 2021, 15, 2250004.
- 103M. Ding, W. Zhao, X. Zhang, L. Song, S. Luan, J. Hazard. Mater. 2022, 439, 129594.
- 104P. J. Weldrick, M. J. Hardman, V. N. Paunov, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 43902.
- 105B. Wan, Y. Zhu, J. Tao, F. Zhu, J. Chen, L. Li, J. Zhao, L. Wang, S. Sun, Y. Yang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 9050.
- 106M. Ran, Z. Gounani, J. Yan, J. M. Rosenholm, H. Zhang, Nano Sel. 2022, 3, 1201.
- 107Y. Jiang, M. Geng, L. Bai, Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1222.
- 108H. E. P. Abeleda, A. P. Javier, A. Q. M. Murillo, R. Q. Baculi, Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 2020, 29, 101784.
- 109H. Dong, W. Xiu, L. Wan, Q. Li, Y. Zhang, M. Ding, J. Shan, K. Yang, Z. Teng, L. Yuwen, Y. Mou, Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 453, 139839.
- 110J. Arenas, J. Tommassen, Trends Microbiol. 2017, 25, 113.
- 111Z. Chen, H. Ji, C. Liu, W. Bing, Z. Wang, X. Qu, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 10732.
- 112A. Baelo, R. Levato, E. Julián, A. Crespo, J. Astola, J. Gavaldà, E. Engel, M. A. Mateos-Timoneda, E. Torrents, J. Controlled Release 2015, 209, 150.
- 113Y. Xie, W. Zheng, X. Jiang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 9041.
- 114Y. Tan, S. Ma, M. Leonhard, D. Moser, R. Ludwig, B. Schneider-Stickler, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2020, 108, 110499.
- 115C. Liu, Y. Zhao, W. Su, J. Chai, L. Xu, J. Cao, Y. Liu, J. Mater. Chem. B 2020, 8, 4395.
- 116L. Zhou, L.-H. Zhang, M. Cámara, Y.-W. He, Trends Microbiol. 2017, 25, 293.
- 117R. P. Ryan, J. M. Dow, Trends Microbiol. 2011, 19, 145.
- 118R. P. Ryan, Y. Fouhy, J. F. Lucey, L. C. Crossman, S. Spiro, Y.-W. He, L.-H. Zhang, S. Heeb, M. Cámara, P. Williams, J. M. Dow, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2006, 103, 6712.
- 119S.-q. An, J. Murtagh, K. B. Twomey, M. K. Gupta, T. P. O'Sullivan, R. Ingram, M. A. Valvano, J.-l. Tang, Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 2334.
- 120P. Kumar, J.-H. Lee, H. Beyenal, J. Lee, Trends Microbiol. 2020, 28, 753.
- 121N. Singh, M. Romero, A. Travanut, P. F. Monteiro, E. Jordana-Lluch, K. R. Hardie, P. Williams, M. R. Alexander, C. Alexander, Biomater. Sci. 2019, 7, 4099.
- 122D.-n. Huang, J. Wang, F. Jia, Y. Fang, Q. Gao, Y.-f. Gao, H.-y. Li, K.-f. Ren, J. Ji, Colloids Interface Sci. Commun. 2021, 41, 100371.
- 123B. A. Elgamoudi, T. Taha, V. Korolik, Antibiotics 2020, 9, 836.
- 124H. Choi, S.-Y. Ham, E. Cha, Y. Shin, H.-S. Kim, J. K. Bang, S.-H. Son, H.-D. Park, Y. Byun, J. Med. Chem. 2017, 60, 9821.
- 125J. Zhu, J. Tian, C. Yang, J. Chen, L. Wu, M. Fan, X. Cai, Small 2021, 17, 2101495.
- 126Y. Duan, M. Zhang, Z. Shen, M. Zhang, B. Zheng, S. Cheng, J. Hu, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2021, 42, 2000759.
- 127Y.-m. Cai, J. S. Webb, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2020, 104, 8859.
- 128Y. Zhou, T. Yang, R. Namivandi-Zangeneh, C. Boyer, K. Liang, R. Chandrawati, J. Mater. Chem. B 2021, 9, 1059.
- 129M. Chen, S. Zhang, Z. He, ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2020, 3, 6343.
- 130J. Liu, S. Liu, Y. Wu, X. Xu, Q. Li, M. Yang, A. Gong, M. Zhang, R. Lu, F. Du, Biomater. Sci. 2022, 10, 2384.
- 131H. Zhang, W. L. van Os, X. Tian, G. Zu, L. Ribovski, R. Bron, J. Bussmann, A. Kros, Y. Liu, I. S. Zuhorn, Biomater. Sci. 2021, 9, 7092.
- 132S. Ma, D. Moser, F. Han, M. Leonhard, B. Schneider-Stickler, Y. Tan, Carbohydr. Polym. 2020, 241, 116254.
- 133R. Srinivasan, S. Santhakumari, P. Poonguzhali, M. Geetha, M. Dyavaiah, L. Xiangmin, Front. Microbiol. 2021, 12, 676458.
- 134N. Dey, S. Vickram, S. Thanigaivel, C. Kamatchi, R. Subbaiya, N. Karmegam, M. Govarthanan, Environ. Res. 2022, 214, 113867.
- 135C. H. N. Barros, E. Casey, ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020, 3, 8537.
- 136C. R. Thorn, P. L. Howell, D. J. Wozniak, C. A. Prestidge, N. Thomas, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2021, 179, 113916.
- 137C. Hu, L.-L. Wang, Y.-Q. Lin, H.-M. Liang, S.-Y. Zhou, F. Zheng, X.-L. Feng, Y.-Y. Rui, L.-Q. Shao, Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2019, 8, 1901301.
- 138X. Li, D. Chen, S. Xie, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2021, 294, 102475.
- 139J. Jo, A. Price-Whelan, L. E. P. Dietrich, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2022, 20, 593.
- 140C. T. Kreis, R. M. A. Sullan, Nanoscale 2020, 12, 16819.
- 141Y. Li, W. Xiu, K. Yang, Q. Wen, L. Yuwen, Z. Luo, X. Liu, D. Yang, X. Xie, L. Wang, Mater. Horiz. 2021, 8, 1264.
- 142B. Wu, E. F. Haney, N. Akhoundsadegh, D. Pletzer, M. J. Trimble, A. E. Adriaans, P. H. Nibbering, R. E. W. Hancock, NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021, 7, 8.
- 143I. Guzmán-Soto, C. McTiernan, M. Gonzalez-Gomez, A. Ross, K. Gupta, E. J. Suuronen, T.-F. Mah, M. Griffith, E. I. Alarcon, iScience 2021, 24, 102443.
