Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F) Wall ex Nees: Antiviral properties
Ashwini Khanderao Jadhav
Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre For Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University) Kolhapur, Kasaba Bawada, Maharashtra, 416006 India
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil
Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre For Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University) Kolhapur, Kasaba Bawada, Maharashtra, 416006 India
Correspondence
*Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative medicine, Centre For Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Kasaba Bawada 416006, Maharashtra, India.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAshwini Khanderao Jadhav
Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre For Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University) Kolhapur, Kasaba Bawada, Maharashtra, 416006 India
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil
Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre For Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University) Kolhapur, Kasaba Bawada, Maharashtra, 416006 India
Correspondence
*Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative medicine, Centre For Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Kasaba Bawada 416006, Maharashtra, India.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information: 1. DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Kasaba Bawada, Maharashtra, India. 416006., Grant/Award Number: Ref. No. DYPES/DU/R&D/1154, dated: 26.06.2019.; 2. DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Kasaba Bawada, Maharashtra, India. 416006, Grant/Award Number: Ref No. DYPES/DU/R&D/2021/273, dated: 29/01/2021.
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata is home to a rich variety of molecules especially andrographolide and its derivatives. Clinical properties of the andrographolide are multifarious and include: analgesic, antipyretic, antiretroviral, antiproliferative, antimalarial, antithrombotic, antihyperglycemic, antiurolethial, antilesihmaniasis, hepatoprotective, immune-modulatory, protective against alcohol induced toxicity and cardioproetcive activity and anticancer activity. Andrographolide, neoandrographolide, dehydroandrographolide and several natural and synthetic derivatives of it: 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide and 14-deoxyandrographolide, dehydroandrographolide succinic acid monoester (DAMS), 14-ά-lipoyl andrographolide (AL-1), 14-acetyl-3,9-isopropyl-ideneandrographolide, 14-acetylandrographolide, 3,14,19-triacetylandrographolide, and 3,9-isopropyl-idene andrographolide, are shown to possess significant antiviral activity against HIV, influenza A, HBV, HCV, HPP and HSV. Studies on SARS CoV 2 is restricted to in silico molecular docking studies on viral targets and selected host target proteins. The main targets of andrographolide and its derivatives are fusion and adsorption of virus to the host cell, binding to viral receptor and co-receptor, enzymes involved in DNA/RNA/Genome replication by the virus, translation, post-translation and reverse transcription. Andrographolide as a drug is yet to reach its full therapeutic potential since this molecule shows low bioavailability. Andrographolide therapy is in need of an appropriate delivery system that may increase its bioavailability. Further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plant.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available in repository. These data were derived from the resources available in the public domain. Some are mentioned as below. Gupta S, Mishra KP, Ganju L. Broad-spectrum antiviral properties of andrographolide. Archives of virology. 2017 Mar;162(3):611-23. Enmozhi SK, Raja K, Sebastine I, Joseph J. Andrographolide as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: an in silico approach. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. 2020 May 4:1-7. Huang F, Li Y, Leung EL, Liu X, Liu K, Wang Q, Lan Y, Li X, Yu H, Cu L, Luo H. A review of therapeutic agents and Chinese herbal medicines against SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19). Pharmacological Research. 2020 May 20:104929. Reshi Latif, Wang Chi-Yong. Andrographolide as a Potent and Prom ising Antiviral Agent [J]. Chin J NatMed, 2020, 18(0): 1-11.
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