Biomimetic sponges improve muscle structure and function following volumetric muscle loss
Gabriel Haas
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew Dunn
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJosh Madsen
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPeter Genovese
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorHannah Chauvin
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJeffrey Au
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorNatalia Ziemkiewicz
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Johnson
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAllison Paoli
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew Lin
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorNicholas Pullen
School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Koyal Garg
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Correspondence
Koyal Garg, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, 3507 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorGabriel Haas
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew Dunn
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJosh Madsen
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPeter Genovese
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorHannah Chauvin
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJeffrey Au
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorNatalia Ziemkiewicz
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Johnson
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAllison Paoli
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew Lin
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Search for more papers by this authorNicholas Pullen
School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Koyal Garg
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Correspondence
Koyal Garg, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, 3507 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorGabriel Haas and Andrew Dunn contributed equally to this study.
Funding information: National Institutes of General Medical Sciences (NIH), Grant/Award Number: 1R15GM129731
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is inept in regenerating after traumatic injuries such as volumetric muscle loss (VML) due to significant loss of various cellular and acellular components. Currently, there are no approved therapies for the treatment of muscle tissue following trauma. In this study, biomimetic sponges composed of gelatin, collagen, laminin-111, and FK-506 were used for the treatment of VML in a rodent model. We observed that biomimetic sponge treatment improved muscle structure and function while modulating inflammation and limiting the extent of fibrotic tissue deposition. Specifically, sponge treatment increased the total number of myofibers, type 2B fiber cross-sectional area, myosin: collagen ratio, myofibers with central nuclei, and peak isometric torque compared to untreated VML injured muscles. As an acellular scaffold, biomimetic sponges may provide a promising clinical therapy for VML.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Koyal Garg has equity interest in GenAssist, Inc., and serves on the company's scientific advisory board. GenAssist, Inc. is developing products related to the research described in this paper. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by Saint Louis University, in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. GH (Gabriel Haas) is the CEO and Josh Madsen is the CTO of GenAssist, Inc. and both are members of the board of directors. AD (Andrew Dunn) also holds equity interest in GenAssist, Inc.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| jbma37212-sup-0001-FigureS1.tifTIFF image, 1.5 MB | Supplemental Figure 1 Full-scale images of muscle sections stained with MHC and COL were used to quantify the percent area of each. Thresholding without separating the remaining muscle tissue and the defect region (top) results in a less representative collagen % area. By contrast, splitting the remaining muscle tissue and defect region into two separate images (bottom) results in higher accuracy because the defect can be detected without muscle fibers being filled in with collagen. |
| jbma37212-sup-0002-FigureS2.tifTIFF image, 338.1 KB | Supplemental Figure 2 Myogenic gene expression was determined by PCR. The quantification of (A) Pax7, (B) MyoD, (C) Myogenin, (D) eMHC, (F) TGF-β1 and (G) COL1 fold expression is shown for days 7, 14, and 28 post-injury. “#” indicates a statistical difference (p < 0.05) from Day 7 and “φ” indicates a statistical difference (p < 0.05) from Day 14 for a particular treatment group. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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