A catchment water balance assessment of an abrupt shift in evapotranspiration at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA
Corresponding Author
Mark B. Green
Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Woodstock, New Hampshire
Correspondence
Mark B. Green, Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorScott W. Bailey
Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Woodstock, New Hampshire
Search for more papers by this authorJohn L. Campbell
Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Woodstock, New Hampshire
Search for more papers by this authorKevin J. McGuire
Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation and Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
Search for more papers by this authorAmey S. Bailey
Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Woodstock, New Hampshire
Search for more papers by this authorTimothy J. Fahey
Department of Natural Resources & the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Search for more papers by this authorNina Lany
Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Woodstock, New Hampshire
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Zietlow
Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Woodstock, New Hampshire
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Mark B. Green
Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Woodstock, New Hampshire
Correspondence
Mark B. Green, Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorScott W. Bailey
Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Woodstock, New Hampshire
Search for more papers by this authorJohn L. Campbell
Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Woodstock, New Hampshire
Search for more papers by this authorKevin J. McGuire
Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation and Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
Search for more papers by this authorAmey S. Bailey
Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Woodstock, New Hampshire
Search for more papers by this authorTimothy J. Fahey
Department of Natural Resources & the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Search for more papers by this authorNina Lany
Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Woodstock, New Hampshire
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Zietlow
Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Woodstock, New Hampshire
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Small catchments have served as sentinels of forest ecosystem responses to changes in air quality and climate. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire has been tracking catchment water budgets and their controls – meteorology and vegetation – since 1956. Water budgets in four reference catchments indicated an approximately 30% increase in the evapotranspiration (ET) as estimated by the difference between precipitation (P) and runoff (RO) starting in 2010 and continuing through 2019. We analyzed the annual water budgets, cumulative deviations of the daily P, RO and water budget residual (WBR = P − RO), potential ET (PET) and indicators of subsurface storage to gain greater insight into this shift in the water budgets. The PET and the subsurface storage indicators suggest that this change in WBR was primarily due to increasing ET. While multiple long-term hydrological and micrometeorological data sets were used to detect and investigate this change in ET, additional measurements of groundwater storage and soil moisture would enable better estimation of ET within the catchment water balance. Increasing the breadth of long-term measurements across small gauged catchments allows them to serve as more effective sentinels of substantial hydrologic changes like the ET increase that we observed.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Precipitation and discharge data that support the findings of this study are openly available in the Environmental Data Initiative at https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/87584eda806dd5a480423b6bfefec577 and https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/c64ad38eef4f56d9e34749f166f64caa. Meteorological, leaf area index, canopy phenology, soil moisture, and water table data that support the findings of this study are openly available in the Environmental Data Initiative at https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/7486a33ab8549c262233ad3e4a8b42a3, https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/3958640a5f5ed3af7b5e40a5cc710b40, https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/3511ed3f4a50ee86fddb3fbf8b42ccd5, https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/f2c18a955c24eadaec1fa0d915a7b527, https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/e7c793b98b895de2bb5e505f9ff5e0cb, https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/e7c793b98b895de2bb5e505f9ff5e0cb, https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/e6ca833db8b6a4931ab9fafb91191d38, and https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/a7b6b61df98b65244eba64d8bc391582.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| hyp14300-sup-0001-SupInfo.docxWord 2007 document , 209 KB |
Figure S1. Monthly median canopy resistance as estimated by rearranging Equation 2 for rc and using the flux tower data to calculate rc. Figure S2. Comparison of daily precipitation amounts from the NOAH IV and standard rain gauges over a period of side-by-side measurements at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 2011–2013. The solid line is the 1:1 line. Figure S3. Total water storage within the Hubbard Brook area using GRACE data. Table S1. Comparison of standard rain gauges (prorated according to Belfort continuously recording gauges) and NOAH IV electronic gauges at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 2011–2013. Daily differences are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Positive differences indicate the NOAH IV recorded greater precipitation than the corresponding standard gauge. Ndays indicates the number of days of overlap in the comparison. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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