RESEARCH ARTICLE
An integrated approach of flash flood analysis in ungauged Mediterranean watersheds using post-flood surveys and unmanned aerial vehicles
Aristeidis Kastridis,
Christos Kirkenidis,
Marios Sapountzis,
Corresponding Author
Aristeidis Kastridis
Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Laboratory of Mountainous Water Management and Control, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Correspondence
Aristeidis Kastridis, Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Laboratory of Mountainous Water Management and Control, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorChristos Kirkenidis
Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Laboratory of Mountainous Water Management and Control, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorMarios Sapountzis
Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Laboratory of Mountainous Water Management and Control, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorAristeidis Kastridis,
Christos Kirkenidis,
Marios Sapountzis,
Corresponding Author
Aristeidis Kastridis
Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Laboratory of Mountainous Water Management and Control, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Correspondence
Aristeidis Kastridis, Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Laboratory of Mountainous Water Management and Control, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorChristos Kirkenidis
Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Laboratory of Mountainous Water Management and Control, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorMarios Sapountzis
Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Laboratory of Mountainous Water Management and Control, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
This study analyzes the flash flood event of two ungauged ephemeral streams in Olympiada region (Chalkidiki, North Greece), which occurred at the 21–22 of November 2019. Aim of the study is to reconstruct the specific flash flood event, investigate the causes of flood generation mechanisms, evaluate the performance of SCS-CN hydrological and HEC-RAS hydraulic models, investigate the relation between extreme flash floods and human intervention, using the combination of ground and aerial observations obtained from the field survey and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), respectively. The results of the specific discharge ranged between 9 and 11 m3 s−1 km2, values that are typical for flash flood events in Mediterranean region. The comparison between the observed and simulated values of flood extent showed sufficiently good performance of the hydraulic model (CSI = 82%). However, the statistical analysis of the observed and simulated flood depths displayed a flood depth overestimation by the applied model, despite that the values of the used statistic indexes are acceptable (RMSE = 0.35 m, SD = 0.53, NSE = 0.56, PBIAS = 11.26%). The model overestimation of flood depth was attributed to the DEM low resolution and quality. Ground and aerial observations depicted the alluvial fan activation, the alternation of flow paths and the huge sediment transport. Human intervention in main streams, urban sprawl, wet AMC and sediment transport were among the main factors that contributed to the flash flood generation. This integrated approach revealed the necessity of the constant evaluation and validation of hydrological and hydraulic models in small ungauged Mediterranean watersheds and ephemeral streams. The use of UAVs in combination with ground observations and hydraulic simulation could significantly contribute to the enhanced understanding of flash flood mechanisms, in the direction of flood risk mitigation, improvement of the planning efficiency of flood prevent measures, flood hazard estimation, evolution of flood warning systems and floodplain geomorphology analysis.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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