Multiuser steered signed quadrature spatial modulation for millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output with hybrid beamforming
Taissir Y. Elganimi
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ammar M. Abu-Hudrouss
Electrical Engineering and Smart Systems Department, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
Correspondence to:
Ammar M. Abu-Hudrouss, Electrical Engineering and Smart Systems Department, Islamic University of Gaza, PO box 108, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorKhaled M. Rabie
Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
Search for more papers by this authorTaissir Y. Elganimi
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ammar M. Abu-Hudrouss
Electrical Engineering and Smart Systems Department, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
Correspondence to:
Ammar M. Abu-Hudrouss, Electrical Engineering and Smart Systems Department, Islamic University of Gaza, PO box 108, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorKhaled M. Rabie
Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
In this article, signed quadrature spatial modulation (SQSM) scheme is intrinsically amalgamated with both fully digital geometric mean decomposition (GMD)-based precoding technique and analog beamforming (ABF) for transmission over millimeter-wave (mmWave) channel. Explicitly, the proposed scheme combines SQSM and GMD-based hybrid beamforming (HBF) in downlink multiuser scenario, where the Frobenius norm-based user selection algorithm is considered. This proposed scheme is denoted as multiuser steered SQSM (MUS-SQSM). The ABF is used to mitigate the severity of the propagation loss in mmWave band by using power amplifiers and phase shifters. The performance of the proposed scheme in terms of both the bit error rate and the average mutual information is assessed in comparison to the conventional SQSM scheme performance. Simulation results show that significant improvements are realized by both the user selection algorithm and the application of ABF technique as the number of antenna array elements increases. It is also demonstrated that MUS-SQSM scheme is robust against the channel estimation errors. Furthermore, the proposed MUS-SQSM scheme with HBF benefits from the multiplexing gain of SQSM, the diversity gain of serving multiple users, and from the beamforming gain. All these gains increase the energy efficiency of the proposed model; thus, the proposed scheme can be considered in 5G wireless systems deployment.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
REFERENCES
- 1Hemadeh IA, Satyanarayana K, El-Hajjar M, Hanzo L. Millimeter-wave communications: physical channel models, design considerations, antenna constructions, and link-budget. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor. 2017; 20(2): 870-913.
- 2Rappaport TS, Sun S, Mayzus R, et al. Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: it will work! IEEE Access. 2013; 1: 335-349.
- 3Busari SA, Huq KM, Mumtaz S, Dai L, Rodriguez J. Millimeter-wave massive MIMO communication for future wireless systems: a survey. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor. 2017; 20(2): 836-869.
- 4Rangan S, Rappaport TS, Erkip E. Millimeter-wave cellular wireless networks: potentials and challenges. Proc IEEE. 2014; 102(3): 366-385.
- 5Torkildson E, Madhow U, Rodwell M. Indoor millimeter-wave MIMO: feasibility and performance. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun. 2011; 10(12): 4150-4160.
- 6Zhou L, Ohashi Y. Fast codebook-based beamforming training for mmWave MIMO systems with subarray structures. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2015-Fall); September 6-9. 2015:1-5; Boston, MA.
- 7El Ayach O, Rajagopal S, Abu-Surra S, Pi Z, Heath RW. Spatially sparse precoding in millimeter wave MIMO systems. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun. 2014; 13(3): 1499-1513.
- 8Bogale TE, Le LB. Beamforming for multiuser massive MIMO systems: digital versus hybrid analog-digital. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference; December 8-12, 2014:4066-4071; Austin, TX.
- 9Celik N, Iskander MF, Emrick R, Franson SJ, Holmes J. Implementation and experimental verification of a smart antenna system operating at 60 GHz band. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. 2008; 56(9): 2790-2800.
- 10Guo YJ, Huang X, Dyadyuk V. A hybrid adaptive antenna array for long-range mm-Wave communications [antenna applications corner]. IEEE Antennas Propag Mag. 2012; 54(2): 271-282.
- 11Alkhateeb A, El Ayach O, Leus G, Heath RW. Heath Robert W. Hybrid precoding for millimeter wave cellular systems with partial channel knowledge. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2013 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA); February 10–15, 2013:1-5, IEEE, San Diego, CA.
- 12Han S, Chih-Lin I, Xu Z, Rowell C. Large-scale antenna systems with hybrid analog and digital beamforming for millimeter wave 5G. IEEE Commun Mag. 2015; 53(1): 186-194.
- 13Zhang Y, Du J, Chen Y, Li X, Rabie KM, Kharel R. Near-optimal design for hybrid beamforming in mmWave massive multi-user MIMO systems. IEEE Access. 2020; 8: 129153-129168.
- 14Spencer QH, Swindlehurst AL, Haardt M. Zero-forcing methods for downlink spatial multiplexing in multiuser MIMO channels. IEEE Trans Signal Process. 2004; 52(2): 461-471.
- 15Ahrens A, Cano-Broncano F, Benavente-Peces C. Resource allocation in GMD and SVD-based MIMO system. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2014 11th International Conference on Wireless Information Networks and Systems (WINSYS); August 28–30, 2014:1-9; IEEE, Vienna, Austria.
- 16Elganimi TY, Alshawish MS, Abdalla MM. Enhanced transmit antenna selection using OSTBC scheme with SVD-based hybrid precoding for 5G millimeter-wave communications. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2019 6th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICEEE); April 16–17, 2019:153–157, IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey.
- 17Jiang Y, Li J, Hager WW. Joint transceiver design for MIMO communications using geometric mean decomposition. IEEE Trans Signal Process. 2005; 53(10): 3791-3803.
- 18Xie T, Dai L, Gao X, Shakir MZ, Li J. Geometric mean decomposition based hybrid precoding for millimeter-wave massive MIMO. IEEE China Commun. 2018; 15(5): 229-238.
- 19Basar E. Index modulation techniques for 5G wireless networks. IEEE Commun Mag. 2016; 54(7): 168-175.
- 20Di Renzo M, Haas H, Ghrayeb A, Sugiura S, Hanzo L. Spatial modulation for generalized MIMO: challenges, opportunities, and implementation. Proc IEEE. 2013; 102(1): 56-103.
- 21Mesleh RY, Alhassi A. Space Modulation Techniques. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2018.
10.1002/9781119375692 Google Scholar
- 22Sugiura S, Xu C, Ng SX, Hanzo L. Reduced-complexity coherent versus non-coherent QAM-aided space-time shift keying. IEEE Trans Commun. 2011; 59(11): 3090-3101.
- 23Xu C, Sugiura S, Ng SX, Hanzo L. Spatial modulation and space-time shift keying: optimal performance at a reduced detection complexity. IEEE Trans Commun. 2012; 61(1): 206-216.
- 24Mesleh RY, Haas H, Sinanovic S, Ahn CW, Yun S. Spatial modulation. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 2008; 57(4): 2228-2241.
- 25Younis A, Serafimovski N, Mesleh RY, Haas H. Generalised spatial modulation. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2010 Conference Record of the 44th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers; November 7–10, 2010:1498-1502; IEEE, Pacific Grove, CA.
- 26Mesleh RY, Ikki SS, Aggoune HM. Quadrature spatial modulation. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 2014; 64(6): 2738-2742.
- 27Abu-Hudrouss AM, El Astal MT, Al Habbash AH, Aissa S. Signed quadrature spatial modulation for MIMO systems. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 2020; 69(3): 2740-2746.
- 28Ishikawa N, Rajashekar R, Sugiura S, Hanzo L. Generalized-spatial-modulation-based reduced-RF-chain millimeter-wave communications. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 2017; 66(1): 879-883.
- 29Yüzgeçcioğlu M, Jorswieck E. Hybrid beamforming with spatial modulation in multi-user massive MIMO mmWave networks. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC); October 8–13, 2017:1-6; Montreal, QC, Canada.
- 30Hemadeh IA, El-Hajjar M, Won S, Hanzo L. Multiuser steered multiset space-time shift keying for millimeter-wave communications. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 2017; 66(6): 5491-5495.
- 31He L, Wang J, Song J. On generalized spatial modulation aided millimeter wave MIMO: spectral efficiency analysis and hybrid precoder design. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun. 2017; 16(11): 7658-7671.
- 32He L, Wang J, Song J. Spatial modulation for more spatial multiplexing: RF-chain-limited generalized spatial modulation aided mmWave MIMO with hybrid precoding. IEEE Trans Commun. 2018; 66(3): 986-998.
- 33Elganimi TY, Elghariani AA. Space-time block coded spatial modulation aided mmWave MIMO with hybrid precoding. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2018 26th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU); 2018:1-6; IEEE, Izmir, Turkey.
- 34Zhang M, Miao W, Shen Y, et al. Joint spatial modulation and beamforming based on statistical channel state information for hybrid massive MIMO communication systems. IET Commun. 2019; 13(10): 1458-1464.
- 35Elganimi TY, Aturki AA. Joint user selection and GMD-based hybrid beamforming for generalized spatial modulation aided millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Information Communication and Signal Processing (ICICSP); September 12–15, 2020:364–369; Shanghai, China.
- 36Ciuonzo D, Rossi PS, Dey S. Massive MIMO channel-aware decision fusion. IEEE Trans Signal Process. 2015; 63(3): 604-619.
- 37Tan W, Assimonis SD, Matthaiou M, Han Y, Li X, Jin S. Analysis of different planar antenna arrays for mmWave massive MIMO systems. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2017-Spring); June 4-7, 2017:1-5; Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- 38Younis A, Mesleh RY. Information-theoretic treatment of space modulation MIMO systems. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 2018; 67(8): 6960-6969.
- 39Mesleh RY, Badarneh OS, Younis A, Haas H. Performance analysis of spatial modulation and space-shift keying with imperfect channel estimation over generalized
fading channels. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 2015; 64(1): 88-96.
- 40Basar E, Aygolu U, Panayirci E, Poor HV. Performance of spatial modulation in the presence of channel estimation errors. IEEE Commun Lett. 2011; 16(2): 176-179.
- 41Wu J, Xiao C. Optimal diversity combining based on linear estimation of rician fading channels. IEEE Trans Commun. 2008; 56(10): 1612-1615.
- 42Zhu Y, Tang Z, Zhu J. An improved norm-based user selection algorithm for multiuser MIMO systems with block diagonalization. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference; 2007:601-605; Baltimore, MD.
- 43Khan MA, Vesilo R, Davis LM, Collings IB. User and transmit antenna selection for MIMO broadcast wireless channels with linear receivers. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2008 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference; December 7–10, 2008:276-281; IEEE, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- 44Elganimi Taissir Y, Alfitouri FF. Norm-based user selection algorithm for single-RF space modulation techniques with geometric mean decomposition based precoding scheme. SN Appl Sci. 2021; 3(1): 1-13.
- 45Narayanan S, Chaudhry MJ, Stavridis A, Di Renzo M, Graziosi F, Haas H. Multi-user spatial modulation MIMO. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC); April 6–9, 2014:671-676; Istanbul, Turkey.
- 46Ying K, Gao Z, Lyu S, Wu Y, Wang H, Alouini MS. GMD-based hybrid beamforming for large reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted millimeter-wave massive MIMO. IEEE Access. 2020; 8: 19530-19539.
- 47Aman W, Rahman MM, Ansari S, et al. On the effective capacity of IRS-assisted wireless communication. Phys Commun. 2021; 47: 101339.