Seismic analysis and test facilities of deep-water bridges considering water–structure interaction: A state-of-the-art review

Deep-water bridges are susceptible to severe damages under strong earthquakes. Water–structure interaction will considerably affect the dynamic performance of deep-water bridges. In the past few decades, researchers have conducted extensive studies on the water–structure interaction and dynamic behavior of bridges through theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigations. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the calculation method for earthquake and wave-induced hydrodynamic forces. The seismic responses of deep-water bridges under individual or combined excitation of earthquake, wave, and current are discussed to explore the influence of water–structure interaction on the seismic capacity of deep-water bridges. Finally, the development of testing facilities that can simulate the water–structure interaction is summarized. Particularly, a new multifunctional dual underwater shaking table system built-in Tianjin University that can simulate multiple-support excitation and water–structure interaction simultaneously is introduced in detail for the first time.