Table S1: FTIR spectroscopy and mass spectral data for ligands and complexes

Table S2: Initial screening of the behaviour of pyridyl benzamidine palladium (II) complexes in methoxycarbonylation of 1-hexene^a.

Figure S1: ¹H NMR spectrum of ligand L1 showing the expected peaks (N-H peak et 13.93)

Figure S2: ¹H NMR spectrum of ligand L2 showing the expected peaks (N-H peak at 13.87).

Figure S3: ¹H NMR spectrum of ligand L3 showing the expected peaks.

Figure S4: ¹H NMR spectrum of ligand L4 showing the expected peaks

Figure S5: ¹H NMR spectrum of ligand L5 showing the expected peaks

Figure S6: ¹H NMR spectrum of complex Pd1 showing the expected peaks.

Figure S7: ¹H NMR spectrum of complex Pd2 showing the expected peaks.

Figure S8: ¹H NMR spectrum of complex Pd3 showing the expected peaks

Figure S9: ¹H NMR spectrum of complex Pd4 showing the expected peaks.

Figure S10: ¹H NMR spectrum of complex Pd5 showing the expected peaks

Figure S11: ¹³C NMR spectrum of ligand L1 showing the expected peak.

Figure S12: ¹³C NMR spectrum of ligand L2 showing the expected peaks

Figure S13: ¹³C NMR spectrum of ligand L3 showing the expected peaks

Figure S14: ¹³C NMR spectrum of ligand L4 showing the expected peaks.

Figure S15: ¹³C NMR spectrum of ligand L5 showing the expected peaks.

Figure S16: ¹³C NMR spectrum of complex Pd1 showing the expected peaks.

Figure S17: ¹³C NMR spectrum of complex Pd2 showing the expected peaks.

Figure S18: ¹³C NMR spectrum of complex Pd3 showing the expected peaks.

Figure S19: ¹³C NMR spectrum of complex Pd4 showing the expected peaks.

Figure S20: ¹³C NMR spectrum of complex Pd5 showing the expected peaks.

Figure S21: An FT-IR spectrum of ligand L1 showing imine peak at 1618 cm⁻¹

Figure S22: An FT-IR spectrum of ligand L2 showing imine peak at 1637 cm⁻¹

Figure S23: An FT-IR spectrum of ligand L3 showing imine peak at 1642 cm⁻¹

Figure S24: An FT-IR spectrum of ligand L4 showing imine peak at 1647 cm⁻¹

Figure S25: An FT-IR spectrum of ligand L5 showing imine peak at 1658 cm⁻¹

Figure S26: An FT-IR spectrum of complex Pd1 showing imine peak at 1626 cm⁻¹

Figure S27: An FT-IR spectrum of complex Pd2 showing imine peak at 1604 cm⁻¹

Figure S28: An FT-IR spectrum of complex Pd3 showing imine peak at 1607 cm⁻¹

Figure S29: An FT-IR spectrum of complex Pd4 showing imine peak at 1610 cm⁻¹

Figure S30: An FT-IR spectrum of complex Pd5 showing imine peak at 1619 cm⁻¹

Figure S31: A mass spectra of ligand L1 (mass = 371.24) showing (ESI-MS (m/z) = 372([M + H]⁺).

Figure S32: A mass spectra of ligand L2 (mass = 371.24) showing (ESI-MS (m/z) = 372([M + H]⁺).

Figure S33: A mass spectra of ligand L3 (mass = 315.17) showing (ESI-MS (m/z) = 316([M + H]⁺).

Figure S34: A mass spectra of ligand L4 (mass = 315.17) showing (ESI-MS (m/z) = 316([M + H]⁺).

Figure S35: A mass spectra of ligand L5 (mass = 287.14) showing (ESI-MS (m/z) = 288([M + H]⁺).

Figure S36: A mass spectra of complex Pd1 (mass = 547.07) showing (ESI-MS (m/z) = 548 ([M + H]⁺).

Figure S37: A mass spectra of complex Pd2 (mass = 547.07) showing (ESI-MS (m/z) = 548 ([M + H]⁺).

Figure S38: A mass spectra of complex Pd3 (mass = 491.01) showing (ESI-MS (m/z) = 492([M + H]⁺).

Figure S39: A mass spectra of complex Pd4 (mass = 491.01) showing (ESI-MS (m/z) = 492([M + H]⁺).

Figure S40: A mass spectra of complex Pd5 (mass = 462.98) showing (ESI-MS (m/z) = 417([M-CH3Cl]⁺).

Figure S41: GC and GC–Ms spectra of products identified as branched (methyl 2-methylhexanoate) and linear (methyl heptanoate) esters using ethyl benzene as internal standard in the methoxycarbonylation of 1-hexene.

Figure S42: ¹H NMR of complex Pd5 in the presence of PTSA and PPh₃ (Pd:PTSA ratios of 1:30 & 1:40) showing the stability of the complex Pd5 at low acid concentration (Pd:PTSA ratio of 1:30) and possible ligand dissociation at high acid concentations (Pd:PTSA ratio of 1:40).