Iron-Catalysed Radical Polymerisation by Living Bacteria
Mechelle R. Bennett
Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham, NG72RD UK
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Pratik Gurnani
Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Phil J. Hill
Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham, LE12 5RD UK
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Cameron Alexander
Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Frankie J. Rawson
Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham, NG72RD UK
Search for more papers by this authorMechelle R. Bennett
Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham, NG72RD UK
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Pratik Gurnani
Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Phil J. Hill
Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham, LE12 5RD UK
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Cameron Alexander
Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Frankie J. Rawson
Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham, NG72RD UK
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
Bacteria are able to synthesise complex macromolecules from a variety of natural building blocks. It is now shown that they can also be utilized to produce entirely abiotic polymers from readily available synthetic precursors.
Abstract
The ability to harness cellular redox processes for abiotic synthesis might allow the preparation of engineered hybrid living systems. Towards this goal we describe a new bacteria-mediated iron-catalysed reversible deactivation radical polymerisation (RDRP), with a range of metal-chelating agents and monomers that can be used under ambient conditions with a bacterial redox initiation step to generate polymers. Cupriavidus metallidurans, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium sporogenes species were chosen for their redox enzyme systems and evaluated for their ability to induce polymer formation. Parameters including cell and catalyst concentration, initiator species, and monomer type were investigated. Water-soluble synthetic polymers were produced in the presence of the bacteria with full preservation of cell viability. This method provides a means by which bacterial redox systems can be exploited to generate “unnatural” polymers in the presence of “host” cells, thus setting up the possibility of making natural–synthetic hybrid structures and conjugates.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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