Adolf von Baeyer's Scientific Achievements — a Legacy†
Corresponding Author
Prof. Rolf Huisgen
Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität, Karlstr. 23, D-8000 München 2 (FRG)
Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität, Karlstr. 23, D-8000 München 2 (FRG)Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Rolf Huisgen
Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität, Karlstr. 23, D-8000 München 2 (FRG)
Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität, Karlstr. 23, D-8000 München 2 (FRG)Search for more papers by this authorBased on a Memorial Lecture presented at the 20th Hauptversammlung der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker in Heidelberg on September 16, 1985.
Graphical Abstract
A fascinating episode in the history of organic chemistry comes alive through examination of Adolf von Baeyer's work. Not only the ring-strain theory, which is now one hundred years old, but also numerous discoveries concerning indigo, benzene, and many other classes of substances are linked with Baeyer's name. The picture on the right shows the scientist at 72 years of age.
References
- 1 R. Willstätter: Aus meinem Leben, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1949.
- 2 Verlag R. Oldenburg, München 1873.
- 3
F. Sertürner,
Gilberts Ann. Phys.
55
(1817)
56.
10.1002/andp.18170550104 Google Scholar
- 4
C. Schorlemmer,
Ann. Chem. Pharm.
131
(1864)
76.
10.1002/jlac.18641310108 Google Scholar
- 5 Quoted from the excellent biography by K. Schmorl: Adolf von Baeyer, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1952.
- 6 A. von Baeyer, “ Erinnerungen aus meinem Leben”, in: Gesammelte Werke, F. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1905.
- 7
A. von Baeyer,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
33
(1900)
LI.
10.1002/cber.190003303211 Google Scholar
- 8 W. Ruske: 100 Jahre Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1967.
- 9
A. Baeyer,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
1
(1868)
17.
10.1002/cber.18680010107 Google Scholar
- 10 Photographs from W. Prandtl: Die Geschichte des Chemischen Laboratoriums der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in München, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1952.
- 11
A. Baeyer,
Ann. Chem. Pharm.
140
(1866)
295;
10.1002/jlac.18661400306 Google ScholarAnn. Chem. Pharm. Suppl. 7 (1870) 56.
- 12
A. Baeyer,
A. Emmerling,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
3
(1870)
514.
10.1002/cber.187000301169 Google Scholar
- 13
A. Baeyer,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
10
(1877)
1358.
10.1002/cber.18770100225 Google Scholar
- 14
A. Baeyer,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
12
(1879)
1320.
10.1002/cber.18790120222 Google Scholar
- 15
V. von Richter,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
16
(1883)
677.
10.1002/cber.188301601154 Google Scholar
- 16
A. Baeyer,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
5
(1872)
1094.
10.1002/cber.187200502157 Google Scholar
- 17
A. Baeyer,
O. Zeidler,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
7
(1874)
1180.
10.1002/cber.18740070278 Google Scholar
- 18
A. Baeyer,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
4
(1871)
658.
10.1002/cber.18710040247 Google Scholar
- 19
E. Fischer,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
7
(1874)
1211;
10.1002/cber.18740070285 Google ScholarA. Baeyer, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 183 (1876) 1.10.1002/jlac.18761830102 Google Scholar
- 20
A. Baeyer,
H. Caro,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
7
(1874)
809.
10.1002/cber.187400701259 Google Scholar
- 21 A. Baeyer, V. Villiger, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 35 (1902) 1189.
- 22 A. von Baeyer, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 33 (1900) 3771.
- 23
F. Wöhler,
J. Liebig,
Ann. Chem. Pharm.
26
(1838)
241.
10.1002/jlac.18380260302 Google Scholar
- 24
A. Baeyer,
Ann. Chem. Pharm.
117
(1861)
178;
10.1002/jlac.18611170204 Google ScholarAnn. Chem. Pharm. 119 (1861) 126.10.1002/jlac.18611190115 Google Scholar
- 25 A. Baeyer, Z. Chem. Pharm. 1862, 289.
- 26
A. Baeyer,
Ann. Chem. Pharm.
130
(1864)
129.
10.1002/jlac.18641300202 Google Scholar
- 27
A. Baeyer,
Ann. Chem. Pharm.
127
(1863)
1, 199.
10.1002/jlac.18631270102 Google Scholar
- 28
A. Kekulé,
Ann. Chem. Pharm.
106
(1858)
129.
10.1002/jlac.18581060202 Google Scholar
- 29 A. Kekulé: Lehrbuch, Bd. II, pp. 249–250 (1864); quoted from C. Graebe: Geschichte der Organischen Chemie, Bd. I, J. Springer, Berlin, 1920, p. 234.
- 30 A. Kekulé, as [29], Bd. I, pp. 150–165.
- 31 A. S. Couper, Ann. Chim. (Paris) [3] 53 (1858) 469.
- 32 A. Strecker: Lehrbuch der organischen Chemie, 1868, p. 800, quoted by L. Medicus [35].
- 33 H. Kolbe, J. Prakt. Chem. [2] 1 (1870) 134.
- 34
H. Kolbe,
J. Prakt. Chem. [2]
17
(1878)
139.
10.1002/prac.18780170112 Google Scholar
- 35
L. Medicus,
Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.
175
(1875)
230.
10.1002/jlac.18751750116 Google Scholar
- 36
R. Behrend,
O. Roosen,
Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.
251
(1889)
235.
10.1002/jlac.18892510109 Google Scholar
- 37 Letter of November 2, 1861.
- 38
Report by
G. Schultz,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
23
(1890)
1265.
10.1002/cber.189002301204 Google Scholar
- 39 A. von Baeyer, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 23 (1890) 1272.
- 40 A. Kekulé, Bull. Soc. Chem. Fr. [2] 3 (1865) 98.
- 41
A. Kekulé,
Ann. Chem. Pharm.
137
(1866)
129.
10.1002/jlac.18661370202 Google Scholar
- 42
A. Kekulé,
Ann. Chem. Pharm.
162
(1872)
77.
10.1002/jlac.18721620110 Google Scholar
- 43
A. Baeyer,
Ann. Chem. Pharm.
140
(1866)
306.
10.1002/jlac.18661400308 Google Scholar
- 44
A. Baeyer,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
18
(1885)
3454;
10.1002/cber.188501802328 Google ScholarBer. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 19 (1886) 159.10.1002/cber.18860190145 Google Scholar
- 45
A. Baeyer,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
19
(1886)
1797.
10.1002/cber.18860190236 Google Scholar
- 46
F. Herrmann,
Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.
211
(1882)
306;
10.1002/jlac.18822110305 Google ScholarW. Wedel, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 219 (1883) 71;10.1002/jlac.18832190104 Google ScholarC. Duisberg, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 16 (1883) 133.10.1002/cber.18830160134 Google Scholar
- 47
A. Baeyer,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
19
(1886)
428.
10.1002/cber.188601901105 Google Scholar
- 48
A. Ladenburg,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
2
(1869)
140, 272;
10.1002/cber.18690020171 Google ScholarJustus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 172 (1874) 331;10.1002/jlac.18741720314 Google ScholarJustus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 179 (1875) 163.10.1002/jlac.18751790113 Google Scholar
- 49
A. Baeyer,
Ann. Chem. Pharm.
141
(1867)
271;
10.1002/jlac.18671410219 Google ScholarAnn. Chem. Pharm. Suppl. 7 (1870) 1.
- 50
A. Baeyer,
Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.
251
(1889)
257.
10.1002/jlac.18892510302 Google Scholar
- 51
A. Baeyer,
H. Rupe,
Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.
256
(1890)
1.
10.1002/jlac.18902560102 Google Scholar
- 52 J. Thiele, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 306 (1899) 87.
- 53 A. Baeyer, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 245 (1888) 103.
- 54 W. Ostwald, Die Überwindung des wissenschaftlichen Materialismus (Lecture), Z. Phys. Chem. 18 (1895) 305.
- 55 W. Ostwald: Prinzipien der Chemie, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig 1907.
- 56
A. Baeyer,
J. Herb,
Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.
258
(1890)
1.
10.1002/jlac.18902580102 Google Scholar
- 57
A. Baeyer,
Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.
258
(1890)
145.
10.1002/jlac.18902580202 Google Scholar
- 58
A. Baeyer,
Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.
269
(1892)
145.
10.1002/jlac.18922690202 Google Scholar
- 59
A. Baeyer,
V. Villiger,
Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.
276
(1893)
255; see also
10.1002/jlac.18932760302 Google ScholarW. H. Perkin Jr., J. Chem. Soc. 59 (1891) 798.
- 60
V. Meyer,
Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.
180
(1876)
192.
10.1002/jlac.18761800119 Google Scholar
- 61 W. H. Perkin Jr., J. Chem. Soc. 1929, 1347.
- 62
W. H. Perkin Jr.,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
16
(1883)
1787;
10.1002/cber.18830160259 Google ScholarBer. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 17 (1884) 54.
- 63
A. Baeyer,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
18
(1885)
2269.
10.1002/cber.18850180296 Google Scholar
- 64 E. Hückel, Z. Phys. 60 (1930) 423; Z. Elektrochem. 43 (1937) 752.
- 65 L. Pauling, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 1367.
- 66 L. Pauling: Theoretical Organic Chemistry (Kekulé Symposium. London), Butterworths, London, 1959, p. 1; see also L. Pauling: The Nature of the Chemical Bond, 3rd Ed., Cornell University Press, 1960.
- 67
H. Sachse,
Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
23
(1890)
1363;
10.1002/cber.189002301216 Google ScholarZ. Phys. Chem. 10 (1892) 203.
- 68 E. Mohr, J. Prakt. Chem. [2] 98 (1918) 315.
- 69 R. Willstätter, “Adolf von Baeyer” in G. Bugge (Ed.): Das Buch der grossen Chemiker, Vol. 2, 6th reprint of the 1st edition of 1929, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1984, p. 329.
- 70 A. von Baeyer, Vorfeier des 70. Geburtstages am Oktober 2, 1905, Dr. Wildsche Buchdruckerei, München 1905.