An Above-Room-Temperature Ferroelectric Organo–Metal Halide Perovskite: (3-Pyrrolinium)(CdCl3)†
Dr. Heng-Yun Ye
Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (P. R. China)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Yi Zhang
Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (P. R. China)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Da-Wei Fu
Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (P. R. China)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Ren-Gen Xiong
Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (P. R. China)
Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (P. R. China)Search for more papers by this authorDr. Heng-Yun Ye
Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (P. R. China)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Yi Zhang
Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (P. R. China)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Da-Wei Fu
Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (P. R. China)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Ren-Gen Xiong
Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (P. R. China)
Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189 (P. R. China)Search for more papers by this authorThis work was supported by 973 project (2014CB932103) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21290172, 91222101 and 21371032). X.R.G. sincerely thanks Professors Li Sheng-Hui, Chen Bin, and Yuan Guo-Liang for their help with the measurement of solid-state NMR experiments, APV effects, and PFM images, respectively.
Abstract
Hybrid organo–metal halide perovskite materials, such as CH3NH3PbI3, have been shown to be some of the most competitive candidates for absorber materials in photovoltaic (PV) applications. However, their potential has not been completely developed, because a photovoltaic effect with an anomalously large voltage can be achieved only in a ferroelectric phase, while these materials are probably ferroelectric only at temperatures below 180 K. A new hexagonal stacking perovskite-type complex (3-pyrrolinium)(CdCl3) exhibits above-room-temperature ferroelectricity with a Curie temperature Tc=316 K and a spontaneous polarization Ps=5.1 μC cm−2. The material also exhibits antiparallel 180° domains which are related to the anomalous photovoltaic effect. The open-circuit photovoltage for a 1 mm-thick bulky crystal reaches 32 V. This finding could provide a new approach to develop solar cells based on organo–metal halide perovskites in photovoltaic research.
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