Original Article
Full Access
1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in degenerative cerebral disorders
Dr Marjo S. van der Knaap MD,
Jeroen van der Grond MSc,
Peter R. Luyten PhD, Jan A. Den Hollander PhD, Jos J. P. Nauta MSc,
Jaap Valk MD, PhD,
Corresponding Author
Dr Marjo S. van der Knaap MD
Department of Child Neurology, University Hospital for Children “Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis,” Utrecht
Department of Child Neurology, Free University Hospital, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorJeroen van der Grond MSc
Department of Radiodiagnosis, University Hospital, Utrecht
Search for more papers by this authorJos J. P. Nauta MSc
Department of Theory of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJaap Valk MD, PhD
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorDr Marjo S. van der Knaap MD,
Jeroen van der Grond MSc,
Peter R. Luyten PhD, Jan A. Den Hollander PhD, Jos J. P. Nauta MSc,
Jaap Valk MD, PhD,
Corresponding Author
Dr Marjo S. van der Knaap MD
Department of Child Neurology, University Hospital for Children “Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis,” Utrecht
Department of Child Neurology, Free University Hospital, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorJeroen van der Grond MSc
Department of Radiodiagnosis, University Hospital, Utrecht
Search for more papers by this authorJos J. P. Nauta MSc
Department of Theory of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJaap Valk MD, PhD
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain was performed in 35 patients with degenerative cerebral disorders: 24 patients had demyelinating (white matter) disorders and 11 patients had neuronal (gray matter) disorders. Four grades of demyelination and three grades of cerebral atrophy were distinguished by magnetic resonance imaging criteria. The spectroscopic data were compared with normal values previously obtained. With increasing degrees of demyelination, lower ratios of phosphodiesters to β-ATP were found. This trend was statistically significant. Decreased phosphodiester–β-ATP ratios occurred simultaneously with imaging abnormalities. The decrease in phosphodiester–β-ATP ratio in demyelinated areas is attributed to white matter rarefaction. Increasing cerebral atrophy was accompanied by lower ratios of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine. This trend was statistically significant. The decrease in the N-acetyl aspartate–creatine ratio was demonstrated before the magnetic resonance images showed signs of cerebral atrophy in patients with neuronal disorders. As N-acetyl aspartate is located exclusively in neurons and their branches, a decrease of the N-acetyl aspartate–creatine ratio can be attributed to neuronal and axonal damage and loss.
References
- 1 Bolthauser E. Degenerative Erkrankungen des Zentralnerven-systems in Kindesalter. Bern: Huber, 1983
- 2
Huk WJ,
Bydder GM,
Curati WL.
Degenerative disorders of the brain and white matter diseases. In:
WJ Huk,
G Gademann,
G Friedmann, eds.
Magnetic resonance imaging of central nervous system diseases.
Berlin:
Springer,
1990:
197–224
10.1007/978-3-642-72568-5_8 Google Scholar
- 3 Okazaki H. Introduction: general methodology and pathologic cellular reactions. In: H Okazaki, ed. Fundamentals of neuropathology. New York: Igaku-Shoin, 1989: 1–26
- 4 Okazaki H. Demyelinating disease. In: H Okazaki, ed. Fundamentals of neuropathology. New York: Igaku-Shoin, 1989: 149–162
- 5 Okazaki H. Degenerative diseases. In: H Okazaki, ed. Fundamentals of neuropathology. New York: Igaku-Shoin, 1989: 163–182
- 6 Ordige RJ, Bendall MR, Gordon RE, Connelly A. Volume selection for in-vivo biological spectroscopy. In: G Govil, P Khetrapal, RK Saran, eds. Magnetic resonance in biology and medicine. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 1985: 387–397
- 7 Bottomley PA. Spatial localization in NMR spectroscopy in vivo. Ann NY Acad Sci 1987; 508: 333–348
- 8 Roth K, Kimber BJ, Feeney J. Data shift accumulation and alternative delay accumulation techniques for overcoming the dynamic range problem. J Magn Reson 1980; 41: 302–309
- 9 Siesjö BK, Folbergrová J, MacMillan V. The effect of hypercapnia upon intracellular pH in the brain, evaluated by the bicarbonate-carbonic acid method and from the creatine phosphokinase equilibrium. J Neurochem 1971; 19: 2483–2495
- 10 Bates TE, Williams SR, Gadian DG, Bell JD, Small RK, Iles RA. 1H NMR study of cerebral development in the rat. Nucl Magn Reson Biomed 1989; 2: 225–229
- 11 Ordidge RJ, Connelly A, Lohman JAB. Image-selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS). A new technique for spatially selective NMR spectroscopy. J Magn Reson 1986; 66: 283–294
- 12 Luyten PR, Groen JP, Vermeulen JWAH, den Hollander JA. Experimental approaches to image localized human 31P NMR spectroscopy. Magn Resn Med 1989; 11: 1–21
- 13 Lolley RN, Balfour WM, Samson FE. The high-energy phosphates in developing brain. J Neurochem 1961; 7: 289–297
- 14 Younkin DP, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M, Maris J, Donlon E, Clancy R, Chance B. Cerebral metabolic effects of neonatal seizures measured with in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy. Ann Neurol 1986; 20: 513–519
- 15 Azzopardi D, Wyatt JS, Cady EB, et al. Prognosis of newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury assessed by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr Res 1989; 25: 445–451
- 16 Petroff OAC, Prichard JW, Behar KL, Alger JR, den Hollander JA, Shulman RG. Cerebral intracellular pH by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neurology 1985; 35: 781–788
- 17 Van der Knaap MS, van der Grond J, van Rijen PC, Faber JAJ, Valk J, Willemse J. Age dependent changes in localized proton and phosphorus MR spectroscopy of the brain. Radiology 1990; 176: 509–515
- 18 Holm S. A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scand J Stat 1979; 6: 65–70
- 19 Murphy EJ, Rajagopalan B, Brindle KM, Radda GK. Phospholipid bilayer contribution to 31P NMR spectra in vivo. Magn Reson Med 1989; 12: 282–289
- 20 Pettegrew JW, Kopp SJ, Minshew NJ, et al. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies of phosphoglyceride metabolism in developing and degenerating brain: observations. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1987; 46: 419–430
- 21 Dawson RMC. Enzymatic pathways of phospholipid metabolism in the nervous system. In: J Eichberg, ed. Phospholipids in nervous tissues. New York: Wiley, 1985: 45–78
- 22 Norton WT, Cammer W. Isolation and characterization of myelin. In: P Morell, ed. Myelin. 2nd ed. New York: Plenum Press, 1984: 147–195
- 23
Norton WT,
Cammer W.
Chemical pathology of diseases involving myelin. In:
P Morell, ed.
Myelin.
2nd ed.
New York:
Plenum Press,
1984:
369–403
10.1007/978-1-4757-1830-0_11 Google Scholar
- 24 Sappey-Marinier D. High-resolution NMR spectroscopy of cerebral white matter in multiple sclerosis. Magn Reson Med 1990; 15: 229–239
- 25 Bottomley PA, Drayer BP, Smith LS. Chronic adult cerebral infraction studied by phosphorus NMR spectrscopy. Radiology 1986; 160: 763–766
- 26 Koller KJ, Zaczek R, Coyle JT. N-acetyle-aspartyl-glutamate: regional levels in rat brain and the effects of brain lesions as determined by a new HPCL method. J Neurochem 1984; 43; 1136–1142
- 27 Menon DK, Sargentoni J, Peden CJ, et al. Proton MR spectroscopy in herpes simplex encephalities: assessment of neuronal loss. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1990; 14: 449–452
- 28 Arnold DL, Matthews PM, Mollevanger L, Luyten PR, Francis G, Antel J. In vivo localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows plaque characterization in multiple sclerosis. In: Book of abstracts: Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol. 1. Berkeley: Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 1990: 110 (Abstract)
- 29 Christiansen P, Larsson HBW, Frederiksen J, Jensen M. Henriksen O. Localized in vivo proton spectroscopy in the brain of patietns with multiple sclerosis. In: Book of abstracts: Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol 1,. Berkeley: Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 1990: 109 (Abstract)
- 30 Den Hollander's JA, Gravenmade EJ, Marien AJH, et al. Detection of focal abnormalities of cerebral metabolism in patients with multiple sclerosis by means of 1H NMR spectroscopic imaging. In: Works in progress: Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Berkeley: Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 1990: 1116 (Abstract)
- 31 Allen IV. Demyelinating diseases. In: HJ Adams, JAN Corsellis, LW Duchen, eds. Greenfield's neuropathology. London: Edward Arnold, 1984: 349–368
- 32 Andrews JM, Cancilla PA, Grippo J, Menkes JH. Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe's disease): morphological and biochemical studies. Neurology 1971; 21: 337–352
- 33 Montpetit VJA, Andermann F, Carpenter S, Fawcett JS, Zborowska-Sluis D, Giberson HR. Subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy. A review and a study of two families. Brain 1971; 94: 1–30
- 34 Egger J, Kendall BE, Erdohazi M, Lake BD, Wilson J, Brett EM. Involvement of the central nervous system in congenital muscular dystrophies. Dev Med Child Neurol 1983; 25: 32–42
- 35 Haltia T, Palo J, Haltia M, Icèn A. Juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy. Clinical, biochemical, and neuropathologic studies in nine new cases. Arch Neurol 1980; 37: 42–46
- 36 Schaumburg HH, Powers JM, Raine CS, Suzuki K, Richardson EP. Adrenoleukodystrophy. A clinical and pathological study of 17 cases. Arch Neurol 1975; 32: 577–591
- 37 Seitz RJ, Langes K, Frenzel H, Kluitmann G, Wechsler W. Congenital Leigh's disease: panecephalomyelopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1984; 64: 167–171
- 38 Poser CM. Myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis. In: JC Koetsier, ed. Handbook of clinical neurology. vol 3. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1985: 419–428
- 39 Lake BD. Batten's disease (neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis). In: JH Adams, JAN Corsellis, LW Duchen, eds. Greenfield's neuropathology. London: Edward Arnold, 1984: 503–513
- 40 Peiffer J, Schlote W, Bischoff A, Boltshauser E, Müller G. Generalized gaint axonal neuropathy. A filament-forming disease of neuronal, endothelial, glial, and Schwann cells in a patient without kinky hair. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1977; 40: 213–218
- 41 Roessmann U, Schwartz JF. Familial striatal degeneration. Arch Neurol 1973; 29: 314–317
- 42 Jellinger K, Armstrong D, Zoghbi HY, Percy AK. Neuropathology of Rett syndrome. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1988; 76: 142–158
- 43 Bargeton-Farkas E, Cochard AM, Brissaud HE, Robain O, Le Balle JC. Encéphalopathie infantile familiale avec nécrose bilatérale et symétrique des corps striés. J Neurol Sci 1964; 1: 429–445
- 44 Yagishita S, Kimura S. Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (Seitel-berger's disease). Histological and electron microscopical study of two cases. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1974; 29: 115–126
- 45 Gibson KM, Nyhan WL, Sweetman L, et al. 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria: a phenotype in which activity of 3-methylglutaconyl-coenzyme A hydratase is normal. Eur J. Pediatr 1988; 148: 76–82
- 46 De Volder AG, Jaeken J, van den Berghe G, et al. Regional brain glucose utilization in adenylosuccinase-deficient patietns measured by positron emission tomography. Pediatr Res 1988; 24: 238–242
Citing Literature
