Editorials
“Rebooting” the immune system with cyclophosphamide: Taking risks for a “cure”?
Richard A. Lewis MD,
Robert P. Lisak MD,
Richard A. Lewis MD
Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
Search for more papers by this authorRobert P. Lisak MD
Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
Search for more papers by this authorRichard A. Lewis MD,
Robert P. Lisak MD,
Richard A. Lewis MD
Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
Search for more papers by this authorRobert P. Lisak MD
Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
Search for more papers by this author
References
- 1 Drachman DB, Jones RJ, Brodsky RA. Treatment of refractory myasthenia gravis: “rebooting” with high-dose cyclophosphamide. Ann Neurol 2003; 53: 29–34.
- 2 Brodsky RA, Sensenbrenner LL, Smith D, et al. Durable treatment-free remission after high-dose cyclophosphamide therapy for previously untreated severe aplastic anemia. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 477–483.
- 3 Brodsky RA, Petri M, Smith DB, et al. Immunoablative high-dose cyclophosphamide without stem-cell rescue for refractory, severe autoimmune disease. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129: 1031–1035.
- 4 Tisdale JF, Dunn DE, Geller N, et al. High-dose cyclophosphamide in severe aplastic anemia: a randomized trial. Lancet 2000; 356: 1554–1559.
- 5 de Feo LG, Schottlender J, Martelli N, Molfino N. Use of intravenous pulsed cyclophosphamide in severe, generalized myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 2002; 26: 31–36.
- 6 Ferguson B, Matyszak M, Esiri M, et al. Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 1997; 120: 393–399.
- 7 Trapp B, Peterson J, Ransohoff R, et al. Axaonl transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 278–285.
- 8 Merrill J, Beneveniste ET. Cytokines in inflammatory brain lesions: helpful and harmful. Trends Neurosci 1996; 19: 331–338.
- 9 Lisak RP, Skundric D, Bealmear B, Ragheb S. The role of cytokines in Schwann cell damage, protection and repair. J Infect Dis 1997; 176(suppl 2): S173–S179.
- 10 Hohlfield R, Kerschensteiner M, Stadelmann C, et al. The neuroprotective effect of inflammation: implications for the therapy of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 107: 161–166.
- 11 Schwartz M, Kipnis J. Protective autoimmunity: regulation and prospects for vaccination after brain and spinal cord injuries. Trends Mol Med 2001; 7: 252–258.
Citing Literature
