Utilization of Pine Nut Shell for Preparation of High Surface Area Activated Carbon by Microwave Heating and Koh Activation
Xuefeng Liao
State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorJinhui Peng
State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Key Laboratory of Resource Clean Conversion in Ethnic Regions Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorShengzhou Zhang
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorHongying Xia
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorLibo Zhang
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorGuo Chen
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Key Laboratory of Resource Clean Conversion in Ethnic Regions Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorTu Hu
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorXuefeng Liao
State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorJinhui Peng
State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Key Laboratory of Resource Clean Conversion in Ethnic Regions Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorShengzhou Zhang
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorHongying Xia
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorLibo Zhang
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorGuo Chen
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Key Laboratory of Resource Clean Conversion in Ethnic Regions Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorTu Hu
National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Engineering Applications of Microwave Energy and Equipment Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
Search for more papers by this authorJiann-Yang Hwang
Search for more papers by this authorP. Chris Pistorius
Search for more papers by this authorGerardo R.F. Alvear F.
Search for more papers by this authorOnuralp Yücel
Search for more papers by this authorLiyuan Cai
Search for more papers by this authorBaojun Zhao
Search for more papers by this authorDean Gregurek
Search for more papers by this authorVaradarajan Seshadri
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
Pine nut shell is as raw material for preparation of high surface area activated carbon (HSAAC) by microwave induced KOH activation. The effects of microwave power, activation duration and KOH/C mass rate (R) on the iodine adsorption capability and activated carbon yield were investigated. Additionally the surface characteristics of HSAAC were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms and SEM. The operating variables were optimized utilizing the response surface methodology and were identified microwave power 738W, activation duration 17 min, and R 4, corresponding to a yield of 46.28 % and an iodine number of 2154 mg/g. The key pore structure parameters of HSAAC such as the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and total pore volume were estimated to be 3819 m2/g and 2.09 mL/g, respectively. The findings strongly support the feasibility of microwave heating for preparation of HSAAC from spent pine nut shell by microwave induced KOH activation.
References
- H.L. Mudoga, H. Yucel, and N.S. Kincal, "Decolorization of sugar syrups using commercial and sugar beet pulp based activated carbons," Bioresourc e Technology, 99 (9) (2008), 3528-3533.
- S.L Liu, Y.N. Wang and K.T. Lu, "Preparation and pore characterization of activated carbon from Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) by H3PO4 chemical activation," Journal of Porous Materials, 21 (4) (2014), 459-466.
- A. Policicchio et al., "Higher methane storage at low pressure and room temperature in new easily scalable large-scale production activated carbon for static and vehicular applications," Fuel, 104 (2) (2013), 813-821.
- G.M. WALKER and L.R. WEATHERLEY, "Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption in Fixed Beds," Separation Science & Technology, 35 (9) (2000), 1329-1341.
- E. Kaçan and C. Kütahyal, "Adsorption of strontium from aqueous solution using activated carbon produced from textile sewage sludges," Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis, 97 (2012), 149-157.
- Y.H Li et al., "Preparation of activated carbon from Enteromorpha prolifera and its use on cationic red X-GRL removal," Applied Surface Science, 257 (24) (2011), 10621-10627.
- B. Kastening and M. Heins, "Properties of electrolytes in the micropores of activated carbon," Electrochimica Acta, 50 (12) (2005), 2487-2498.
- Y.J. Kim et al., "Preparation and characterization of bamboo-based activated carbons as electrode materials for electric double layer capacitors," Carbon, 44 (8) (2006), 1592-1595.
- C. Nieto-Delgado and J.R. Rangel-Mendez, "Production of activated carbon from organic by-products from the alcoholic beverage industry: Surface area and hardness optimization by using the response surface methodology," Industrial Crops & Products, 34 (3) (2011), 1528-1537.
- Q.S Liu et al., "Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from bamboo by microwave-induced phosphoric acid activation," Industrial Crops & Products, 31 (2) (2010), 233-238.
- A.L Cazetta et al., "Thermal regeneration study of high surface area activated carbon obtained from coconut shell: Characterization and application of response surface methodology," Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis, 101 (5) (2013), 53-60.
- Y.P Guo et al., "Performance of electrical double layer capacitors with porous carbons derived from rice husk," Materials Chemistry & Physics, 80 (3) (2003), 704-709.
- B. Karimi, M.H Ehrampoush, A. Ebrahimi et al., "The study of leachate treatment by using three advanced oxidation process based wet air oxidation," Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 10 (1) (2013), 119-124.
- G. Hermosilla-Lara, G. Momen, P.H Marty et al., "Hydrogen storage by adsorption on activated carbon: Investigation of the thermal effects during the charging process," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 32 (2007), 1542-1553.
- J.W Zondlo, and M.R. Velez, "Development of surface area and pore structure for activation of anthracite coal," Fuel Processing Technology, 88 (4) (2007), 369-374.
- J.L Lim, and M. Okada, "Regeneration of granular activated carbon using ultrasound," Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 12 (4) (2005), 277-82.
- B. Kastening, and M. Heins, "Properties of electrolytes in the micropores of activated carbon," Electrochimica Acta, 50 (12) (2005), 2487-2498.
- C.O Ania, J.B Parra, J.A. Menéndez et al., "Microwave-assisted regeneration of activated carbons loaded with pharmaceuticals," Water Research, 41 (15) (2007), 3299-3306.
- M Kubota, A. Hata, and H. Matsuda, "Preparation of activated carbon from phenolic resin by KOH chemical activation under microwave heating," Carbon, 47 (12) (2009), 2805-2811.
- X.H Duan, C. Srinivasakannan, J.H Peng et al., "Comparison of activated carbon prepared from Jatropha hull by conventional heating and microwave heating," Biomass & Bioenergy, 35 (9) (2011), 3920-3926.
- X.H Duan, C. Srinivasakannan et al., "Regeneration of microwave assisted spent activated carbon: Process optimization, adsorption isotherms and kinetics," Chemical Engineering & Processing, 53 (2012), 53-62.
- A.S Mestre, A.S Bexiga et al., "Activated carbons from sisal waste by chemical activation with K2CO3: Kinetics of paracetamol and ibuprofen removal from aqueous solution," Bioresource Technology, 102 (17) (2011), 8253-8260.
- X.H Duan, C. Srinivasakannan, and J.S. Liang, "Process optimization of thermal regeneration of spent coal based activated carbon using steam and application to methylene blue dye adsorption," Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 45 (2014), 1618-1627.
- A.C Lua, and T. Yang, "Effect of activation temperature on the textural and chemical properties of 02 potassium hydroxide activated carbon prepared from pistachio-nut shell," Journal of Colloid & Interface Science, 274 (2) (2004), 594-601.
- X.H Duan, Z.B. Zhang, C. Srinivasakannan, F. Wang et al., "Regeneration of spent catalyst from vinyl acetate synthesis as porous carbon: Process optimization using RSM," Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 92 (7) (2014), 1249-1256.
- X.H Duan, C. Srinivasakannan, J.H Peng et al., "Preparation of activated carbon from Jatropha hull with microwave heating: Optimization using response surface methodology," Fuel Processing Technology, 92 (3) (2011), 394-400.
- R.M Suzuki, A.D Andrade, J.C Sousa et al., "Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from rice bran," Bioresource Technology, 98 (10) (2007), 1985-1991.
- K.Y Foo, and B.H. Hameed, "Adsorption characteristics of industrial solid waste derived activated carbon prepared by microwave heating for methylene blue," Fuel Processing Technology, 99 (7) (2012), 103-109.
- K.Y Foo, and B.H. Hameed, "Porous structure and adsorptive properties of pineapple peel based activated carbons prepared via microwave assisted KOH and K2CO3 activation," Microporous & Mesoporous Materials, 148 (1) (2012), 191-195.
