Protective effect of Smilax excelsa L. pretreatment via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and activation of Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway in testicular torsion model
Corresponding Author
Mustafa Cellat
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Correspondence
Mustafa Cellat, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology. Hatay 31060, Türkiye.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorCafer Tayer İşler
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Contribution: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorAhmet Uyar
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorMüslüm Kuzu
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Türkiye
Contribution: Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorTuba Aydın
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri İbrahim Cecen University, Agri, Türkiye
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorMuhammed Etyemez
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Contribution: Investigation
Search for more papers by this authorErdinç Türk
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Contribution: Investigation
Search for more papers by this authorIlker Yavas
Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation
Search for more papers by this authorMehmet Güvenç
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Mustafa Cellat
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Correspondence
Mustafa Cellat, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology. Hatay 31060, Türkiye.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorCafer Tayer İşler
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Contribution: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorAhmet Uyar
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorMüslüm Kuzu
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Türkiye
Contribution: Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorTuba Aydın
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri İbrahim Cecen University, Agri, Türkiye
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorMuhammed Etyemez
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Contribution: Investigation
Search for more papers by this authorErdinç Türk
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Contribution: Investigation
Search for more papers by this authorIlker Yavas
Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation
Search for more papers by this authorMehmet Güvenç
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Türkiye
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information: This work was supported by the Scientific Research Project Coordination of the Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Turkey [grant numbers 20.M.004]
Abstract
The protective effects of the ethanol extract of Smilax excelsa L. (SE) leaves were investigated on testicular tissue of rats with a torsion model in this study. The chemical composition of the extract was detected by means of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). SE extract was given for 21 days before torsion was created in the treatment group. The sperm parameters of the torsion group were impaired, and there was an increase in MDA level as well as a decrease in GSH level and GPx activity compared to the control group. TNF-α and NF-κB levels in the torsion group increased as compared to those in the control group. The expression levels of Nrf-2 and HO-1 were lower in the torsion group than those in the control group. The SE pretreatment group has improved sperm, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers when compared to the torsion group, and the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway was activated.
Practical applications
Smilax excelsa L. is a plant with economic value used in traditional medicine in the treatment of stomachache, bloating, and breast cancer in Northwest Anatolia. It has an antioxidant effect due to the flavonoids and anthocyanins it contains. The protective effect against ischemia–reperfusion-induced tissue and reproductive damage in testicular tissue were demonstrated with the study. When the histological examinations of the tissues were evaluated, it was found that morphological structure of the tissues was retained in the treatment group. The findings indicate that SE prevents tissue damage in the torsion model by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and activating Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author.
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