Pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1, as biomarkers for the nephro- and pneumoprotective effect of silibinin after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion: Confirmation by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR
Corresponding Author
Georgios Kyriakopoulos
Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Correspondence
Georgios Kyriakopoulos, Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMaria Lambropoulou
Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorGeorgia Valsami
School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorNikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
Department of Experimental Surgery, Bioresearch Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorOurania Konstandi
Faculty of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorKonstantinos Anagnostopoulos
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorChristos Tsalikidis
Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorPanagoula Oikonomou
Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorKonstantinos Simopoulos
Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorAlexandra K. Tsaroucha
Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Laboratory of Bioethics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Georgios Kyriakopoulos
Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Correspondence
Georgios Kyriakopoulos, Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMaria Lambropoulou
Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorGeorgia Valsami
School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorNikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
Department of Experimental Surgery, Bioresearch Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorOurania Konstandi
Faculty of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorKonstantinos Anagnostopoulos
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorChristos Tsalikidis
Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorPanagoula Oikonomou
Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorKonstantinos Simopoulos
Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorAlexandra K. Tsaroucha
Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Laboratory of Bioethics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The present study investigated the potential nephro- and pneumoprotective effect of silibinin (Si) after hepatic ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, by measuring pro-inflammatory factors. Sixty-three rats were randomly assigned into three groups, as follows: (a) the sham group (n = 7 rats), subjected to opening and closing the abdomen; (b) the control group (n = 28 rats), subjected to 45-min hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion; and (c) the silibinin group (n = 28), subjected to 45-min hepatic ischemia followed by intravenous administration of lyophilised SLB-HP-β-CD before reperfusion. Control and silibinin groups were further subdivided into time-point groups, according to the duration of reperfusion. TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 expressions were determined immunohistochemically and by qrT-PCR at each time-point. Kidney TNF-α expression was significantly lower at 180 and 240 min, while lung TNF-α expression was significantly lower at 240 min. Comparison between the control and Si group at the same time-points showed very strong evidence of difference at 240 min, with the levels of IL-6 shifting towards lower values in the Si group. Finally, we found a high MCP-1 expression after 120 min. We conclude that hepatic I/R injury remotely increases pro-inflammatory mediators in the kidney and lung, whereas silibinin shows a time-dependent nephro- and pneumoprotective effect.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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