The effect of propolis plus Hyoscyamus niger L. methanolic extract on clinical symptoms in patients with acute respiratory syndrome suspected to COVID-19: A clinical trial
Morteza Kosari
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorMehdi Noureddini
Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorSeyed Peyman Khamechi
Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Evidence Based Integrative Medicine Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorAhmad Najafi
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical sciences, Kashan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorAmir Ghaderi
Clinical Research Development Unit-Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorMojtaba Sehat
Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hamid Reza Banafshe
Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Correspondence
Hamid Reza Banafshe, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMorteza Kosari
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorMehdi Noureddini
Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorSeyed Peyman Khamechi
Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Evidence Based Integrative Medicine Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorAhmad Najafi
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical sciences, Kashan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorAmir Ghaderi
Clinical Research Development Unit-Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorMojtaba Sehat
Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hamid Reza Banafshe
Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Correspondence
Hamid Reza Banafshe, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information: Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global health crisis. Nevertheless, no antiviral treatment has yet been proven effective for treating COVID-19 and symptomatic supportive cares have been the most common treatment. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of propolis and Hyoscyamus niger L. extract in patients with COVID-19. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 50 cases referred to Akhavan and Sepehri Clinics, Kashan university of medical sciences, Iran. Subjects were divided into two groups (intervention and placebo). This syrup (containing 1.6 mg of methanolic extract along with 450 mg of propolis per 10 mL) was administered three times a day to each patient for 6 days. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 such as: dry cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, chest pain, fever, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain, and diarrhea were reduced with propolis plus Hyoscyamus niger L. extract than the placebo group. However, the administration of syrup was not effective in the control of nausea and vomiting. In conclusion, syrup containing propolis and Hyoscyamus niger L. extract had beneficial effects in ameliorating the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 disease, in comparison with placebo groups.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
None.
REFERENCES
- Acter, T., Uddin, N., Das, J., Akhter, A., Choudhury, T. R., & Kim, S. (2020). Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A global health emergency. Science of the Total Environment, 730, 138996.
- Ai, T., Yang, Z., Hou, H., Zhan, C., Chen, C., Lv, W., … Xia, L. (2020). Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A report of 1014 cases. Radiology, 296, E32–E40.
- Ali, I., & Alharbi, O. M. (2020). COVID-19: Disease, management, treatment, and social impact. Science of the Total Environment, 728, 138861.
- Al-Snafi, A. E. (2018). Therapeutic importance of Hyoscyamus species grown in Iraq (Hyoscyamus albus, Hyoscyamus niger L. and Hyoscyamus reticulates)—A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 8, 18–32.
- Ang, L., Song, E., Lee, H. W., & Lee, M. S. (2020). Herbal medicine for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9, 1583.
- Bachevski, D., Damevska, K., Simeonovski, V., & Dimova, M. (2020). Back to the basics: Propolis and COVID-19. Dermatologic Therapy, 33, e13780.
- El-Aidy, W. K., Ebeid, A. A., Sallam, A. E.-R. M., Muhammad, I. E., Abbas, A. T., Kamal, M., & Sohrab, S. S. (2015). Evaluation of propolis, honey, and royal jelly in amelioration of peripheral blood leukocytes and lung inflammation in mouse conalbumin-induced asthma model. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 22, 780–788.
- Fauci, A. S., Lane, H. C., & Redfield, R. R. (2020). Covid-19—Navigating the uncharted. New England Journal of Medicine, 382, 1268–1269.
- Forte, G. C., da Silva, D. T. R., Hennemann, M. L., Sarmento, R. A., Almeida, J. C., & de Tarso Roth Dalcin, P. (2018). Diet effects in the asthma treatment: A systematic review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 58, 1878–1887.
- Gilani, A. H., Khan, A.u., Raoof, M., Ghayur, M. N., Siddiqui, B. S., Vohra, W., & Begum, S. (2008). Gastrointestinal, selective airways and urinary bladder relaxant effects of Hyoscyamus niger L. are mediated through dual blockade of muscarinic receptors and Ca2+ channels. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 22, 87–99.
- Küpeli Akkol, E., Ilhan, M., Kozan, E., Gürağaç Dereli, F. T., Sak, M., & Sobarzo-Sánchez, E. (2020). Insecticidal activity of hyoscyamus niger l. on lucilia sericata causing myiasis. Plants (Basel), 9(5), 655.
- Jeong, H., Lee, J., Kim, J., Choen, S., Sohn, K. M., Kim, Y.-S., & Kiem, S. (2020). Self-assessment questionnaire for efficient and safe evaluation of patients with mild COVID-19. Infection & Chemotherapy, 52, 212–215.
- Jesus, M., Martins, A. P., Gallardo, E., & Silvestre, S. (2016). Diosgenin: Recent highlights on pharmacology and analytical methodology. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 2016, 1–16.
- Khayyal, M., El-Ghazaly, M., El-Khatib, A., Hatem, A., De Vries, P., El-Shafei, S., & Khattab, M. (2003). A clinical pharmacological study of the potential beneficial effects of a propolis food product as an adjuvant in asthmatic patients. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 17, 93–102.
- Kim, H.-Y., Eo, E.-Y., Park, H., Kim, Y.-C., Park, S., Shin, H.-J., & Kim, K. (2010). Medicinal herbal extracts of Sophorae radix, Acanthopanacis cortex, Sanguisorbae radix and Torilis fructus inhibit coronavirus replication in vitro. Antiviral Therapy, 15, 697–709.
- Lin, L.-T., Hsu, W.-C., & Lin, C.-C. (2014). Antiviral natural products and herbal medicines. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 4, 24–35.
- Maruta, H., & He, H. (2020). PAK1-blockers: Potential therapeutics against COVID-19. Medicine in Drug Discovery, 6, 100039–100039.
- Mehta, P., McAuley, D. F., Brown, M., Sanchez, E., Tattersall, R. S., Manson, J. J., & Collaboration, H. A. S. (2020). COVID-19: Consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet (London, England), 395, 1033–1034.
- Michalak, O., Krzeczyński, P., Cieślak, M., Cmoch, P., Cybulski, M., Królewska-Golińska, K., … Ostrowska, K. (2020). Synthesis and anti-tumour, immunomodulating activity of diosgenin and tigogenin conjugates. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 198, 105573.
- Ophori, E., & Wemabu, E. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of propolis extract on bacteria isolated from nasopharynx of patients with upper respiratory tract infection admitted to Central Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4, 1719–1723.
- Pang, J., Wang, M. X., Ang, I. Y. H., Tan, S. H. X., Lewis, R. F., Chen, J. I.-P., … Yang, Q. (2020). Potential rapid diagnostics, vaccine and therapeutics for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9, 623.
- Polansky, H., & Lori, G. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19), first indication of efficacy of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin in SARS-CoV-2 infections. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55, 105971.
- Reza, H. M., Mohammad, H., Golnaz, E., & Gholamreza, S. (2009). Effect of methanolic extract of Hyoscymus niger L. on the seizure induced by picritoxin in mice. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22, 308–312.
- Rocha, B. A., Bueno, P. C. P., Vaz, M. M.d. O. L. L., Nascimento, A. P., Ferreira, N. U., Moreno, G.d. P., … Campos, J. C. L. (2013). Evaluation of a propolis water extract using a reliable RP-HPLC methodology and in vitro and in vivo efficacy and safety characterisation. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1–11.
- Srivastava, R. A. K., Mistry, S., & Sharma, S. (2015). A novel anti-inflammatory natural product from Sphaeranthus indicus inhibits expression of VCAM1 and ICAM1, and slows atherosclerosis progression independent of lipid changes. Nutrition and Metabolism, 12, 20.
- Struyf, T., Deeks, J. J., Dinnes, J., Takwoingi, Y., Davenport, C., Leeflang, M. M., … Dittrich, S. (2020). Signs and symptoms to determine if a patient presenting in primary care or hospital outpatient settings has COVID-19 disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7, 1–96.
- Vellingiri, B., Jayaramayya, K., Iyer, M., Narayanasamy, A., Govindasamy, V., Giridharan, B., … Ganesan, H. (2020). COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic. Science of the Total Environment, 725, 1–19.
- Wu, J. T., Leung, K., & Leung, G. M. (2020). Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: A modelling study. The Lancet, 395, 689–697.
- Xu, X., Han, M., Li, T., Sun, W., Wang, D., Fu, B., … Li, X. (2020). Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117, 10970–10975.
- Younis, W., Asif, H., Sharif, A., Riaz, H., Bukhari, I. A., & Assiri, A. M. (2018). Traditional medicinal plants used for respiratory disorders in Pakistan: A review of the ethno-medicinal and pharmacological evidence. Chinese Medicine, 13, 48.
- Zhang, W., Zhang, W., Luo, J., & Kong, L. (2013). A new steroidal glycoside from the seeds of Hyoscyamus niger L. Natural Product Research, 27, 1971–1974.
Citing Literature
