Green Diesel from Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil Process Design Study
Corresponding Author
Tim J. Hilbers
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Lisette M. J. Sprakel
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.Search for more papers by this authorLeon B. J. van den Enk
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorBart Zaalberg
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorHenk van den Berg
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorLouis G. J. van der Ham
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Tim J. Hilbers
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Lisette M. J. Sprakel
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.Search for more papers by this authorLeon B. J. van den Enk
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorBart Zaalberg
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorHenk van den Berg
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorLouis G. J. van der Ham
University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
A systematic approach was applied to study the process of hydrotreating vegetable oils. During the three phases of conceptual, detailed, and final design, unit operations were designed and sized. Modeling of the process was performed with UniSim Design®. Producing green diesel and jet fuel from vegetable oils was found to be technically possible via a flexible process of hydrotreatment. The resulting mass and energy balances indicated high carbon atom and energy yield. An economic evaluation proved that the operational expenses mainly depend on the cost of raw materials. Currently, the margin between crude palm oil and the retail diesel price is too low to operate an economically viable process. However, production and utilization of biofuels is required by international regulations.
References
- 1 D. J. Murphy, C. A. Hall, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2010, 1185 (1), 102–118. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05282.x
- 2 C. Beddoes, Annual Report, Europia, Brussels 2012.
- 3 J. Griffin, A. Fantini, World Oil Outlook, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), Vienna 2012.
- 4 C. Perego, M. Ricci, Catal. Sci. Technol. 2012, 2 (9), 1776–1786. DOI: 10.1039/C2CY20326J
- 5 G. Dillingham, Z. Merritt, Alternative Jet Fuels, U.S. GAO 2014.
- 6 M. Kuronen, Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO), Neste Oil, Espoo, Finland 2014.
- 7 D. Casanave, J.-L. Duplan, E. Freund, Pure Appl. Chem. 2007, 79 (11), 2071–2081. DOI: 10.1351/pac200779112071
- 8 T. N. Kalnes et al., Green Diesel Production by Hydrorefining Renewable Feedstocks, Biofuels Technology, Hopesay, UK 2008.
- 9 N.-O. Nylund et al., Optimized Usage of NExBTL Renewable Diesel Fuel, Espoo, Finland 2011.
- 10 W. D. Sieder et al., Product and Process Design Principles, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK 2010.
- 11 R. Sotelo-Boy, Y. Liu, T. Minowa, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2011, 50 (5), 2791–2799. DOI: 10.1021/ie100824d
- 12 Y. Liu et al., Energy Fuels 2011, 25 (10), 4675–4685. DOI: 10.1021/ef200889e
- 13 F. D. Gunstone, J. L. Harwood, A. J. Dijkstra, The Lipid Handbook, 3rd ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 2007.
- 14
A. Olivier, EFSA J. 2010, 8 (10), 1825–1833. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1825
10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1825 Google Scholar
- 15 S. Lestari et al., ChemSusChem 2009, 2 (12), 1109–1119. DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200900107
- 16 A. Thomas, Fats and Fatty Oils, Ullman's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2012.
- 17 J. Suarez, R. Abhari, B. Bunch, US Patent 20100056833 A1, 2010.
- 18 R. B. M. Zin, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Technology, Malaysia 2006.
- 19 E. Harlin et al., WO Patent 2010043765 A1, 2010.
- 20 D. Y. Murzin, in Advances in Chemical Engineering, 1st ed. (Eds: D. Kubička), Elsevier, Amsterdam 2013, Ch. 3.
- 21 R. Krishna, S. T. Sie, Chem. Eng. Sci. 1994, 49 (24A), 4029–4065. DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2509(05)80005-3
- 22 A. Peschel et al., Chem. Eng. Sci. 2011, 66 (24), 6453–6469. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.08.054
- 23 A. Peschel, H. R. Freund, K. Sundmacher, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2010, 49 (21), 10535–10548. DOI: 10.1021/ie100476q
- 24 A. Peschel et al., Chem. Eng. J. 2012, 188 (1), 126–141. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.01.123
- 25 N. Azizi et al., Fuel Process. Technol. 2013, 109 (1), 172–178. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.11.001
- 26 V. Calemma et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2004, 43 (4), 934–940. DOI: 10.1021/ie0304309
- 27 R. Sinnott, C. Towler, Chemical Engineering Design, 5th ed., Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Oxford 2011.
- 28 M. S. Peters, K. D. Timmerhaus, R. E. West, Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York 2003.
- 29 Neste Oil starts up 800,000 t/year biodiesel plant in Singapore, www.icis.com, 2010.
- 30
I. Karamé, in Hydrogenation, 1st ed. (Eds: R. Sotelo-Boyás), InTech, Winchester, UK 2012, Ch. 8.
10.5772/3208 Google Scholar
