Distinctive Photomechanical Shape Change of p-Phenylenediacrylic Acid Dimethyl Ester Single Crystals Induced by a Spatially Heterogeneous Photoreaction
Corresponding Author
Daichi Kitagawa
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, 558-8585 Osaka, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorRei Tomoda
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, 558-8585 Osaka, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorSebastian A. Ramos
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, 92521 Riverside, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Gregory J. O. Beran
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, 92521 Riverside, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChristopher J. Bardeen
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, 92521 Riverside, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Seiya Kobatake
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, 558-8585 Osaka, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Daichi Kitagawa
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, 558-8585 Osaka, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorRei Tomoda
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, 558-8585 Osaka, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorSebastian A. Ramos
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, 92521 Riverside, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Gregory J. O. Beran
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, 92521 Riverside, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChristopher J. Bardeen
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, 92521 Riverside, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Seiya Kobatake
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, 558-8585 Osaka, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Understanding photoreaction dynamics in crystals is important for predicting the dynamic property changes accompanying these photoreactions. In this work, we investigate the photoreaction dynamics of p-phenylenediacrylic acid dimethyl ester (p-PDAMe) in single crystals that show reaction front propagation, in which the photoreaction proceeds heterogeneously from the edge to the center of the crystal. Moreover, we find that p-PDAMe single crystals exhibit a distinctive crystal shape change from a parallelogram to a distorted shape resembling a fluttering flag, then to a rectangle as the photoreaction proceeds. Density functional theory calculations predict the crystal structure after the photoreaction, providing a reasonable explanation of the distinctive crystal shape change that results from the spatially heterogeneous photoreaction. These results prove that the spatially heterogeneous photoreaction dynamics have the ability to induce novel crystal shape changes beyond what would be expected based on the equilibrium reactant and product crystal shapes.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
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