Prevalence of amyloid-β pathology in distinct variants of primary progressive aphasia
Corresponding Author
David Bergeron MD
Interdisciplinary Clinic of Memory of the Child Jesus, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Address correspondence to Dr Bergeron, Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques du CHU de Québec, 1401 18e Rue, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, QC, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMaria L. Gorno-Tempini MD, PhD
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Search for more papers by this authorGil D. Rabinovici MD, PhD
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Search for more papers by this authorMiguel A. Santos-Santos MD
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Llobregat Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
Llobregat Hospital, ACE Foundation, Catalan Institute of Applied Neurosciences, UIC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorWilliam Seeley MD, PhD
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Search for more papers by this authorBruce L. Miller MD
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Search for more papers by this authorYolande Pijnenburg MD
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorM. Antoinette Keulen PhD
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorColin Groot MSc
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorBart N. M. van Berckel MD
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorWiesje M. van der Flier PhD
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorPhilip Scheltens PhD
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan D. Rohrer MD
Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorJason D. Warren MD
Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan M. Schott MD
Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorNick C. Fox MD
Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorRaquel Sanchez-Valle MD, PhD
Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorOriol Grau-Rivera MD
Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorEllen Gelpi MD
Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Search for more papers by this authorHarro Seelaar MD
Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJanne M. Papma MD
Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJohn C. van Swieten MD
Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJohn R. Hodges MD
Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCristian E. Leyton PhD
Frontotemporal Dementia Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Search for more papers by this authorOlivier Piguet PhD
Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorEmily J. Rogalski MD
Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, IL
Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL
Search for more papers by this authorMarsel M. Mesulam MD
Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL
Search for more papers by this authorLejla Koric MD
Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
Search for more papers by this authorNora Kristensen MD
Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
Search for more papers by this authorJeéreémie Pariente MD
University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France
Search for more papers by this authorBradford Dickerson MD, PhD
Frontotemporal Dementia Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Search for more papers by this authorIan R. Mackenzie MD
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorGing-Yuek R. Hsiung MD
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorSerge Belliard MD
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorDavid J. Irwin MD
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid A. Wolk MD
Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Search for more papers by this authorMurray Grossman MD
Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Search for more papers by this authorMatthew Jones MD
Cerebral Function Unit, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
School of Community-Based Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorJennifer Harris PhD
School of Community-Based Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Mann PhD
Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorJulie S. Snowden PhD
School of Community-Based Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorPatricio Chrem-Mendez MD
Center of Aging and Memory, Neurological Research Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorIsmael L. Calandri MD
Center of Aging and Memory, Neurological Research Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorAlejandra A. Amengual MD
Center of Aging and Memory, Neurological Research Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorCarole Miguet-Alfonsi MD
Department of Neurology, CHRU Besançon and Integrative and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Regional Memory Center, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
Search for more papers by this authorEloi Magnin MD, PhD
Department of Neurology, CHRU Besançon and Integrative and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Regional Memory Center, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
Search for more papers by this authorGiuseppe Magnani MD
Department of Neurology, Vita Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, INSPE, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorRoberto Santangelo MD
Department of Neurology, Vita Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, INSPE, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorVincent Deramecourt MD
University of Lille Nord de France, INSERM U1171, DISTALZ, Lille, France
Search for more papers by this authorFlorence Pasquier MD
University of Lille Nord de France, INSERM U1171, DISTALZ, Lille, France
Search for more papers by this authorNiklas Mattsson MD, PhD
Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorChrister Nilsson MD, PhD
Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorOskar Hansson MD, PhD
Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Neuropsychiatric Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorJulia Keith MD
Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorMario Masellis MD
Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorSandra E. Black MD
Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorJordi A. Matías-Guiu MD
Department of Neurology and Nuclear Medicine, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorMaría-Nieves Cabrera-Martin MD
Department of Neurology and Nuclear Medicine, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorClaire Paquet MD
Memory Center, Department of Neurology, Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal Hospital, Paris, France
Department of Pathology, Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal Hospital, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorJulien Dumurgier MD
Memory Center, Department of Neurology, Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal Hospital, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorMarc Teichmann MD
Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for PPA and rare dementias, Pitié Salpêtriére Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorMarie Sarazin MD
Frederic Joliot Hospital Service, ERL 9218 CNRS, CEA, Orsay, Île-de-France, France
University of Paris-Sud, IMIV, UMR 1023 INSERM, CEA, Orsay, Île-de-France, France
Search for more papers by this authorMichel Bottlaender MD
Frederic Joliot Hospital Service, ERL 9218 CNRS, CEA, Orsay, Île-de-France, France
University of Paris-Sud, IMIV, UMR 1023 INSERM, CEA, Orsay, Île-de-France, France
Search for more papers by this authorBruno Dubois MD
Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Diseases, Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorChristopher C. Rowe MD
Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorVictor L. Villemagne MD
Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorRik Vandenberghe MD
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorElias Granadillo MD
Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
Search for more papers by this authorEdmond Teng MD, PhD
Neurobehavior Service, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Search for more papers by this authorMario Mendez MD, PhD
Neurobehavior Unit, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
Search for more papers by this authorPhilipp T. Meyer MD
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorLars Frings PhD
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAlberto Lleó MD
Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Santa Cruz and Saint Paul Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
Saint Paul Biomedical Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Center for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorRafael Blesa MD
Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Santa Cruz and Saint Paul Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
Saint Paul Biomedical Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorJuan Fortea MD
Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Santa Cruz and Saint Paul Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
Saint Paul Biomedical Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorSang Won Seo MD
Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorJanine Diehl-Schmid MD
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorTimo Grimmer MD
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorKristian Steen Frederiksen MD
Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for more papers by this authorPascual Sánchez-Juan MD
Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorGaël Chételat MD
INSERM UMR-S U1237, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
Search for more papers by this authorWillemijn Jansen MD
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ
Search for more papers by this authorRémi W. Bouchard MD
Interdisciplinary Clinic of Memory of the Child Jesus, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorRobert Jr. Laforce MD, PhD
Interdisciplinary Clinic of Memory of the Child Jesus, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire de l'Enfant-Jésus, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorPieter Jelle Visser PhD
Llobregat Hospital, ACE Foundation, Catalan Institute of Applied Neurosciences, UIC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorRik Ossenkoppele PhD
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
David Bergeron MD
Interdisciplinary Clinic of Memory of the Child Jesus, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Address correspondence to Dr Bergeron, Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques du CHU de Québec, 1401 18e Rue, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, QC, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMaria L. Gorno-Tempini MD, PhD
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Search for more papers by this authorGil D. Rabinovici MD, PhD
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Search for more papers by this authorMiguel A. Santos-Santos MD
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Llobregat Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
Llobregat Hospital, ACE Foundation, Catalan Institute of Applied Neurosciences, UIC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorWilliam Seeley MD, PhD
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Search for more papers by this authorBruce L. Miller MD
Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Search for more papers by this authorYolande Pijnenburg MD
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorM. Antoinette Keulen PhD
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorColin Groot MSc
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorBart N. M. van Berckel MD
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorWiesje M. van der Flier PhD
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorPhilip Scheltens PhD
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan D. Rohrer MD
Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorJason D. Warren MD
Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan M. Schott MD
Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorNick C. Fox MD
Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorRaquel Sanchez-Valle MD, PhD
Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorOriol Grau-Rivera MD
Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorEllen Gelpi MD
Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Search for more papers by this authorHarro Seelaar MD
Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJanne M. Papma MD
Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJohn C. van Swieten MD
Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJohn R. Hodges MD
Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCristian E. Leyton PhD
Frontotemporal Dementia Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Search for more papers by this authorOlivier Piguet PhD
Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorEmily J. Rogalski MD
Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, IL
Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL
Search for more papers by this authorMarsel M. Mesulam MD
Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL
Search for more papers by this authorLejla Koric MD
Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
Search for more papers by this authorNora Kristensen MD
Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
Search for more papers by this authorJeéreémie Pariente MD
University of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France
Search for more papers by this authorBradford Dickerson MD, PhD
Frontotemporal Dementia Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Search for more papers by this authorIan R. Mackenzie MD
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorGing-Yuek R. Hsiung MD
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorSerge Belliard MD
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorDavid J. Irwin MD
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid A. Wolk MD
Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Search for more papers by this authorMurray Grossman MD
Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Search for more papers by this authorMatthew Jones MD
Cerebral Function Unit, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
School of Community-Based Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorJennifer Harris PhD
School of Community-Based Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Mann PhD
Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorJulie S. Snowden PhD
School of Community-Based Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorPatricio Chrem-Mendez MD
Center of Aging and Memory, Neurological Research Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorIsmael L. Calandri MD
Center of Aging and Memory, Neurological Research Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorAlejandra A. Amengual MD
Center of Aging and Memory, Neurological Research Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorCarole Miguet-Alfonsi MD
Department of Neurology, CHRU Besançon and Integrative and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Regional Memory Center, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
Search for more papers by this authorEloi Magnin MD, PhD
Department of Neurology, CHRU Besançon and Integrative and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Regional Memory Center, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
Search for more papers by this authorGiuseppe Magnani MD
Department of Neurology, Vita Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, INSPE, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorRoberto Santangelo MD
Department of Neurology, Vita Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, INSPE, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorVincent Deramecourt MD
University of Lille Nord de France, INSERM U1171, DISTALZ, Lille, France
Search for more papers by this authorFlorence Pasquier MD
University of Lille Nord de France, INSERM U1171, DISTALZ, Lille, France
Search for more papers by this authorNiklas Mattsson MD, PhD
Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorChrister Nilsson MD, PhD
Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorOskar Hansson MD, PhD
Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Neuropsychiatric Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorJulia Keith MD
Anatomical Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorMario Masellis MD
Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorSandra E. Black MD
Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorJordi A. Matías-Guiu MD
Department of Neurology and Nuclear Medicine, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorMaría-Nieves Cabrera-Martin MD
Department of Neurology and Nuclear Medicine, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, San Carlos Health Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorClaire Paquet MD
Memory Center, Department of Neurology, Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal Hospital, Paris, France
Department of Pathology, Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal Hospital, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorJulien Dumurgier MD
Memory Center, Department of Neurology, Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal Hospital, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorMarc Teichmann MD
Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for PPA and rare dementias, Pitié Salpêtriére Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorMarie Sarazin MD
Frederic Joliot Hospital Service, ERL 9218 CNRS, CEA, Orsay, Île-de-France, France
University of Paris-Sud, IMIV, UMR 1023 INSERM, CEA, Orsay, Île-de-France, France
Search for more papers by this authorMichel Bottlaender MD
Frederic Joliot Hospital Service, ERL 9218 CNRS, CEA, Orsay, Île-de-France, France
University of Paris-Sud, IMIV, UMR 1023 INSERM, CEA, Orsay, Île-de-France, France
Search for more papers by this authorBruno Dubois MD
Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Diseases, Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorChristopher C. Rowe MD
Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorVictor L. Villemagne MD
Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorRik Vandenberghe MD
Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorElias Granadillo MD
Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
Search for more papers by this authorEdmond Teng MD, PhD
Neurobehavior Service, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
Search for more papers by this authorMario Mendez MD, PhD
Neurobehavior Unit, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
Search for more papers by this authorPhilipp T. Meyer MD
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorLars Frings PhD
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAlberto Lleó MD
Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Santa Cruz and Saint Paul Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
Saint Paul Biomedical Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Center for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorRafael Blesa MD
Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Santa Cruz and Saint Paul Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
Saint Paul Biomedical Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorJuan Fortea MD
Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Santa Cruz and Saint Paul Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
Saint Paul Biomedical Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorSang Won Seo MD
Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorJanine Diehl-Schmid MD
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorTimo Grimmer MD
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorKristian Steen Frederiksen MD
Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
Search for more papers by this authorPascual Sánchez-Juan MD
Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorGaël Chételat MD
INSERM UMR-S U1237, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
Search for more papers by this authorWillemijn Jansen MD
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ
Search for more papers by this authorRémi W. Bouchard MD
Interdisciplinary Clinic of Memory of the Child Jesus, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorRobert Jr. Laforce MD, PhD
Interdisciplinary Clinic of Memory of the Child Jesus, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire de l'Enfant-Jésus, CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorPieter Jelle Visser PhD
Llobregat Hospital, ACE Foundation, Catalan Institute of Applied Neurosciences, UIC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorRik Ossenkoppele PhD
Alzheimer center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Objective
To estimate the prevalence of amyloid positivity, defined by positron emission tomography (PET)/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and/or neuropathological examination, in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants.
Methods
We conducted a meta-analysis with individual participant data from 1,251 patients diagnosed with PPA (including logopenic [lvPPA, n = 443], nonfluent [nfvPPA, n = 333], semantic [svPPA, n = 401], and mixed/unclassifiable [n = 74] variants of PPA) from 36 centers, with a measure of amyloid-β pathology (CSF [n = 600], PET [n = 366], and/or autopsy [n = 378]) available. The estimated prevalence of amyloid positivity according to PPA variant, age, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 status was determined using generalized estimating equation models.
Results
Amyloid-β positivity was more prevalent in lvPPA (86%) than in nfvPPA (20%) or svPPA (16%; p < 0.001). Prevalence of amyloid-β positivity increased with age in nfvPPA (from 10% at age 50 years to 27% at age 80 years, p < 0.01) and svPPA (from 6% at age 50 years to 32% at age 80 years, p < 0.001), but not in lvPPA (p = 0.94). Across PPA variants, ApoE ε4 carriers were more often amyloid-β positive (58.0%) than noncarriers (35.0%, p < 0.001). Autopsy data revealed Alzheimer disease pathology as the most common pathologic diagnosis in lvPPA (76%), frontotemporal lobar degeneration–TDP-43 in svPPA (80%), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration–TDP-43/tau in nfvPPA (64%).
Interpretation
This study shows that the current PPA classification system helps to predict underlying pathology across different cohorts and clinical settings, and suggests that age and ApoE genotype should be considered when interpreting amyloid-β biomarkers in PPA patients. Ann Neurol 2018;84:737–748
Potential Conflicts of Interest
Nothing to report.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| ana25333-sup-0001-suppinfo1.docx41.6 KB | Table S1. Participating centers |
| ana25333-sup-0002-suppinfo2.docx78.7 KB | Table S2. Characteristics of PET cohorts |
| ana25333-sup-0003-suppinfo3.docx17.2 KB | Table S3. Characteristics of CSF cohorts |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
References
- 1Mesulam MM, Rogalski EJ, Wieneke C, et al. Primary progressive aphasia and the evolving neurology of the language network. Nat Rev Neurol 2014; 10: 554–569.
- 2Mesulam MM. Slowly progressive aphasia without generalized dementia. Ann Neurol 1982; 11: 592–598.
- 3Neary D, Snowden JS, Gustafson L, et al. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. Neurology 1998; 51: 1546–1554.
- 4Greene JD, Patterson K, Xuereb J, Hodges JR. Alzheimer disease and nonfluent progressive aphasia. Arch Neurol 1996; 53: 1072–1078.
- 5Kempler D, Metter EJ, Riege WH, et al. Slowly progressive aphasia: three cases with language, memory, CT and PET data. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990; 53: 987–993.
- 6Pogacar S, Williams RS. Alzheimer's disease presenting as slowly progressive aphasia. R I Med J 1984; 67: 181–185.
- 7Mesulam MM. Primary progressive aphasia—differentiation from Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1987; 22: 533–534.
- 8Mesulam MM. Primary progressive aphasia. Ann Neurol 2001; 49: 425–432.
- 9Kertesz A, Hudson L, Mackenzie IR, Munoz DG. The pathology and nosology of primary progressive aphasia. Neurology 1994; 44: 2065–2072.
- 10Gorno-Tempini ML, Dronkers NF, Rankin KP, et al. Cognition and anatomy in three variants of primary progressive aphasia. Ann Neurol 2004; 55: 335–346.
- 11Rabinovici GD, Jagust WJ, Furst AJ, et al. Abeta amyloid and glucose metabolism in three variants of primary progressive aphasia. Ann Neurol 2008; 64: 388–401.
- 12Mesulam M, Wicklund A, Johnson N, et al. Alzheimer and frontotemporal pathology in subsets of primary progressive aphasia. Ann Neurol 2008; 63: 709–719.
- 13Hu WT, McMillan C, Libon D, et al. Multimodal predictors for Alzheimer disease in nonfluent primary progressive aphasia. Neurology 2010; 75: 595–602.
- 14Knibb JA, Xuereb JH, Patterson K, Hodges JR. Clinical and pathological characterization of progressive aphasia. Ann Neurol 2006; 59: 156–165.
- 15Alladi S, Xuereb J, Bak T, et al. Focal cortical presentations of Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2007; 130(pt 10): 2636–2645.
- 16Josephs KA, Whitwell JL, Duffy JR, et al. Progressive aphasia secondary to Alzheimer disease vs FTLD pathology. Neurology 2008; 70: 25–34.
- 17Grossman M. Primary progressive aphasia: clinicopathological correlations. Nat Rev Neurol 2010; 6: 88–97.
- 18Gorno-Tempini ML, Hillis AE, Weintraub S, et al. Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants. Neurology 2011; 76: 1006–1014.
- 19Spinelli EG, Mandelli ML, Miller ZA, et al. Typical and atypical pathology in primary progressive aphasia variants. Ann Neurol 2017; 81: 430–443.
- 20Rohrer JD, Lashley T, Schott JM, et al. Clinical and neuroanatomical signatures of tissue pathology in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Brain 2011; 134(pt 9): 2565–2581.
- 21Rohrer JD, Rossor MN, Warren JD. Alzheimer's pathology in primary progressive aphasia. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33: 744–752.
- 22Chare L, Hodges JR, Leyton CE, et al. New criteria for frontotemporal dementia syndromes: clinical and pathological diagnostic implications. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85: 865–870.
- 23Mesulam MM, Weintraub S, Rogalski EJ, et al. Asymmetry and heterogeneity of Alzheimer's and frontotemporal pathology in primary progressive aphasia. Brain 2014; 137(pt 4): 1176–1192.
- 24Harris JM, Gall C, Thompson JC, et al. Classification and pathology of primary progressive aphasia. Neurology 2013; 81: 1832–1839.
- 25Rogalski E, Sridhar J, Rader B, et al. Aphasic variant of Alzheimer disease: clinical, anatomic, and genetic features. Neurology 2016; 87: 1337–1343.
- 26Giannini LAA, Irwin DJ, McMillan CT, et al. Clinical marker for Alzheimer disease pathology in logopenic primary progressive aphasia. Neurology 2017; 88: 2276–2284.
- 27Leyton CE, Villemagne VL, Savage S, et al. Subtypes of progressive aphasia: application of the International Consensus Criteria and validation using beta-amyloid imaging. Brain 2011; 134(pt 10): 3030–3043.
- 28Josephs KA, Duffy JR, Strand EA, et al. APOE epsilon4 influences beta-amyloid deposition in primary progressive aphasia and speech apraxia. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10: 630–636.
- 29Ikeda M, Tashiro Y, Takai E, et al. CSF levels of Abeta1-38/Abeta1-40/Abeta1-42 and (11)C PiB-PET studies in three clinical variants of primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid 2014; 21: 238–245.
- 30Santangelo R, Coppi E, Ferrari L, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers can play a pivotal role in the diagnostic work up of primary progressive aphasia. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 43: 1429–1440.
- 31Gil-Navarro S, Llado A, Rami L, et al. Neuroimaging and biochemical markers in the three variants of primary progressive aphasia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2013; 35: 106–117.
- 32Kas A, Uspenskaya O, Lamari F, et al. Distinct brain perfusion pattern associated with CSF biomarkers profile in primary progressive aphasia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012; 83: 695–698.
- 33Magnin E, Demonet JF, Wallon D, et al. Primary progressive aphasia in the network of French Alzheimer plan memory centers. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 54: 1459–1471.
- 34Louwersheimer E, Keulen MA, Steenwijk MD, et al. Heterogeneous language profiles in patients with primary progressive aphasia due to Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51: 581–590.
- 35Matias-Guiu JA, Cabrera-Martin MN, Moreno-Ramos T, et al. Amyloid and FDG-PET study of logopenic primary progressive aphasia: evidence for the existence of two subtypes. J Neurol 2015; 262: 1463–1472.
- 36Ossenkoppele R, Jansen WJ, Rabinovici GD, et al. Prevalence of amyloid PET positivity in dementia syndromes: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2015; 313: 1939–1949.
- 37Patricio CM, Gabriela C, Julieta RM, et al. Concordance between 11C-PIB-PET and clinical diagnosis in a memory clinic. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2015; 30: 599–606.
- 38Santos-Santos MA, Rabinovici GD, Iaccarino L, et al. Rates of amyloid imaging positivity in patients with primary progressive aphasia. JAMA Neurol 2018; 75: 342–352.
- 39Hyman BT, Phelps CH, Beach TG, et al. National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2012; 8: 1–13.
- 40Hyman BT, Trojanowski JQ. Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer disease from the National Institute on Aging and the Reagan Institute Working Group on diagnostic criteria for the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1997; 56: 1095–1097.
- 41McKhann GM, Albert MS, Grossman M, et al. Clinical and pathological diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia: report of the Work Group on Frontotemporal Dementia and Pick's Disease. Arch Neurol 2001; 58: 1803–1809.
- 42Mackenzie IR, Neumann M, Baborie A, et al. A harmonized classification system for FTLD-TDP pathology. Acta Neuropathol 2011; 122: 111–113.
- 43McKeith IG, Galasko D, Kosaka K, et al. Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): report of the consortium on DLB international workshop. Neurology 1996; 47: 1113–1124.
- 44Jansen WJ, Ossenkoppele R, Knol DL, et al. Prevalence of cerebral amyloid pathology in persons without dementia: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2015; 313: 1924–1938.
- 45Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med 2002; 21: 1539–1558.
- 46Perelle IB, Ehrman L. An international study of human handedness: the data. Behav Genet 1994; 24: 217–227.
- 47Seeley WW. Mapping Neurodegenerative Disease Onset and Progression. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9. pii: a023622.
- 48Warren JD, Rohrer JD, Schott JM, et al. Molecular nexopathies: a new paradigm of neurodegenerative disease. Trends Neurosci 2013; 36: 561–569.
- 49Miller ZA, Mandelli ML, Rankin KP, et al. Handedness and language learning disability differentially distribute in progressive aphasia variants. Brain 2013; 136(pt 11): 3461–3473.
- 50Miller ZA, Hinkley LB, Herman A, et al. Anomalous functional language lateralization in semantic variant PPA. Neurology 2015; 84: 204–206.
- 51Ellis SJ, Ellis PJ, Marshall E, et al. Is forced dextrality an explanation for the fall in the prevalence of sinistrality with age? A study in northern England. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998; 52: 41–44.
- 52Schott JM, Crutch SJ, Carrasquillo MM, et al. Genetic risk factors for the posterior cortical atrophy variant of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12: 862–871.
- 53Caso F, Gesierich B, Henry M, et al. Nonfluent/agrammatic PPA with in-vivo cortical amyloidosis and Pick's disease pathology. Behav Neurol 2013; 26: 95–106.
- 54Naasan G, Rabinovici GD, Ghosh P, et al. Amyloid in dementia associated with familial FTLD: not an innocent bystander. Neurocase 2016; 22: 76–83.
- 55Mesulam MM, Dickerson BC, Sherman JC, et al. Case 1-2017. A 70-year-old woman with gradually progressive loss of language. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 158–167.
- 56Bergeron D, Ossenkoppele R, Laforce R Jr. Evidence-based interpretation of amyloid-β PET results: a clinician's tool. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2018; 32: 28–34.
- 57James BD, Wilson RS, Boyle PA, et al. TDP-43 stage, mixed pathologies, and clinical Alzheimer's-type dementia. Brain 2016; 139: 2983–2993.
- 58Jansen WJ, Ossenkoppele R, Tijms BM, et al. Association of cerebral amyloid-beta aggregation with cognitive functioning in persons without dementia. JAMA Psychiatry 2018; 75: 84–95.
- 59Whitwell JL, Duffy JR, Strand EA, et al. Clinical and neuroimaging biomarkers of amyloid-negative logopenic primary progressive aphasia. Brain Lang 2015; 142: 45–53.
- 60Leyton CE, Hodges JR, McLean CA, et al. Is the logopenic-variant of primary progressive aphasia a unitary disorder? Cortex 2015; 67: 122–133.
- 61Tapiola T, Alafuzoff I, Herukka SK, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid {beta}-amyloid 42 and tau proteins as biomarkers of Alzheimer-type pathologic changes in the brain. Arch Neurol 2009; 66: 382–389.
- 62Clark CM, Pontecorvo MJ, Beach TG, et al. Cerebral PET with florbetapir compared with neuropathology at autopsy for detection of neuritic amyloid-beta plaques: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11: 669–678.
- 63Leyton CE, Savage S, Irish M, et al. Verbal repetition in primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 41: 575–585.
- 64Whitwell JL, Weigand SD, Duffy JR, et al. Clinical and MRI models predicting amyloid deposition in progressive aphasia and apraxia of speech. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 11: 90–98.
- 65Sajjadi SA, Patterson K, Nestor PJ. Logopenic, mixed, or Alzheimer-related aphasia? Neurology 2014; 82: 1127–1131.
- 66Wicklund MR, Duffy JR, Strand EA, et al. Quantitative application of the primary progressive aphasia consensus criteria. Neurology 2014; 82: 1119–1126.
- 67Josephs KA, Duffy JR, Strand EA, et al. Progranulin-associated PiB-negative logopenic primary progressive aphasia. J Neurol 2014; 261: 604–614.
- 68Josephs KA, Duffy JR, Strand EA, et al. Characterizing a neurodegenerative syndrome: primary progressive apraxia of speech. Brain 2012; 135(pt 5): 1522–1536.
- 69Watson CL, Possin K, Allen IE, et al. Visuospatial functioning in the primary progressive aphasias. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2018; 24: 259–268.
- 70Butts AM, Machulda MM, Duffy JR, et al. Neuropsychological profiles differ among the three variants of primary progressive aphasia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2015; 21: 429–435.
- 71Leyton CE, Hsieh S, Mioshi E, Hodges JR. Cognitive decline in logopenic aphasia: more than losing words. Neurology 2013; 80: 897–903.
- 72Macoir J, Lavoie M, Laforce R Jr, et al. Dysexecutive symptoms in primary progressive aphasia: beyond diagnostic criteria. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2017; 30: 151–161.
Citing Literature
