Automotive Fuels

1.	History
1.1.	The Spark Ignition (Otto) Engine and Its Fuel
1.2.	The Diesel Engine and Its Fuel
2.	Engine Technology
2.1.	Otto Engines
2.2.	Diesel Engines
3.	Fuel Composition and Engine Efficiency
3.1.	Quality Aspects of Gasoline
3.1.1.	Octane Quality
3.1.2.	Volatility
3.1.3.	Fuel Composition to Reduce Toxicity and Exhaust Emissions
3.1.4.	Stability, Cleanliness, etc
3.1.5.	Performance Additives
3.2.	Quality Aspects of Diesel Fuels
3.2.1.	Ignition Quality
3.2.2.	Density
3.2.3.	Sulfur Content
3.2.4.	Cold Flow Properties
3.2.5.	Lubricity
3.2.6.	Viscosity
3.2.7.	Volatility
3.2.8.	Diesel Fuel Stability, Cleanliness, and Safety
3.2.9.	Diesel Fuel Effects on Exhaust Emissions
3.2.10.	Performance Additives
4.	Fuel Components
4.1.	Gasoline Components
4.1.1.	Straight-Run Gasoline
4.1.2.	Thermally Cracked Gasoline
4.1.3.	Catalytically Cracked Gasoline
4.1.4.	Catalytic Reformate (Platformate)
4.1.5.	Isomerate
4.1.6.	Alkylate
4.1.7.	Polymer Gasoline
4.1.8.	Oxygenates
4.2.	Diesel Fuel Components
4.2.1.	Straight-Run Middle Distillate
4.2.2.	Thermally Cracked Gas Oil
4.2.3.	Catalytically Cracked Gas Oil
4.2.4.	Hydrocracked Gas Oil
4.2.5.	Kerosene
4.2.6.	Biofuel Components
4.2.7.	Synthetic Diesel Fuel
5.	Fuel Additives
5.1.	Gasoline Additives
5.1.1.	Corrosion Inhibitors
5.1.2.	Detergents
5.1.3.	Antioxidants
5.1.4.	Metal Deactivators
5.1.5.	Anti-Icing Additives
5.1.6.	Additives for Combating Combustion Chamber Deposits
5.1.7.	Valve Seat Recession Protection Additives
5.1.8.	Antiknock Agents
5.1.9.	Dehazers and Antistatic Additives
5.2.	Additives for Diesel Fuel
5.2.1.	Ignition Improvers (Cetane Improvers)
5.2.2.	Detergent Additives
5.2.3.	Cold Flow Additives
5.2.4.	Lubricity Additives
5.2.5.	Antifoam Additives
5.2.6.	Additives for Improving Storage Stability — Antioxidants
5.2.7.	Dehazers
5.2.8.	Biocides
5.2.9.	Antistatic Additives
5.2.10.	Reodorants
6.	Fuel Standardization and Testing
7.	Storage and Transportation
8.	Alternative Fuels
9.	Biofuels

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