Automotive Fuels

Jörg Fabri

Jörg Fabri

Deutsche Shell AG, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany

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Werner Dabelstein

Werner Dabelstein

Deutsche Shell AG, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany

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Arno Reglitzky

Arno Reglitzky

Deutsche Shell AG, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany

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Andrea Schütze

Andrea Schütze

Deutsche Shell AG, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany

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Klaus Reders

Klaus Reders

Deutsche Shell AG, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany

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First published: 15 January 2003
Citations: 2

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

History

1.1.

The Spark Ignition (Otto) Engine and Its Fuel

1.2.

The Diesel Engine and Its Fuel

2.

Engine Technology

2.1.

Otto Engines

2.2.

Diesel Engines

3.

Fuel Composition and Engine Efficiency

3.1.

Quality Aspects of Gasoline

3.1.1.

Octane Quality

3.1.2.

Volatility

3.1.3.

Fuel Composition to Reduce Toxicity and Exhaust Emissions

3.1.4.

Stability, Cleanliness, etc

3.1.5.

Performance Additives

3.2.

Quality Aspects of Diesel Fuels

3.2.1.

Ignition Quality

3.2.2.

Density

3.2.3.

Sulfur Content

3.2.4.

Cold Flow Properties

3.2.5.

Lubricity

3.2.6.

Viscosity

3.2.7.

Volatility

3.2.8.

Diesel Fuel Stability, Cleanliness, etc

3.2.9.

Diesel Fuel Effects on Exhaust Emissions

3.2.10.

Performance Additives

4.

Fuel Components

4.1.

Gasoline Components

4.1.1.

Straight-Run Gasoline

4.1.2.

Thermally Cracked Gasoline

4.1.3.

Catalytically Cracked Gasoline

4.1.4.

Catalytic Reformate (Platformate)

4.1.5.

Isomerate

4.1.6.

Alkylate

4.1.7.

Polymer Gasoline

4.1.8.

Oxygenates

4.2.

Diesel Fuel Components

4.2.1.

Straight-Run Middle Distillate

4.2.2.

Thermally Cracked Gas Oil

4.2.3.

Catalytically Cracked Gas Oil

4.2.4.

Hydrocracked Gas Oil

4.2.5.

Kerosene

4.2.6.

Synthetic Diesel Fuel

5.

Fuel Additives

5.1.

Gasoline Additives

5.1.1.

Corrosion Inhibitors

5.1.2.

Detergents

5.1.3.

Antioxidants

5.1.4.

Metal Deactivators

5.1.5.

Anti-Icing Additives

5.1.6.

Additives for Combating Combustion Chamber Deposits

5.1.7.

Valve Seat Recession Protection Additives

5.1.8.

Antiknock Agents

5.1.9.

Dehazers and Antistatic Additives

5.2.

Additives for Diesel Fuel

5.2.1.

Ignition Improvers (Cetane Improvers)

5.2.2.

Detergent Additives

5.2.3.

Cold Flow Additives

5.2.4.

Lubricity Additives

5.2.5.

Antifoam Additives

5.2.6.

Additives for Increasing Storage Stability - Antioxidants

5.2.7.

Dehazers

5.2.8.

Biocides

5.2.9.

Antistatic Additives

5.2.10.

Reodorants

6.

Fuel Standardization and Testing

7.

Storage and Transportation

8.

Alternative Fuels

The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties.