Preparation and analysis of macroporous TiO2 films on Ti surfaces for bone–tissue implants
F. Ahu Akin,
Hala Zreiqat,
Sandra Jordan,
Muthu B.J. Wijesundara,
Luke Hanley,
F. Ahu Akin
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
Search for more papers by this authorHala Zreiqat
School of Pathology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorSandra Jordan
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
Search for more papers by this authorMuthu B.J. Wijesundara
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Luke Hanley
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061Search for more papers by this authorF. Ahu Akin,
Hala Zreiqat,
Sandra Jordan,
Muthu B.J. Wijesundara,
Luke Hanley,
F. Ahu Akin
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
Search for more papers by this authorHala Zreiqat
School of Pathology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorSandra Jordan
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
Search for more papers by this authorMuthu B.J. Wijesundara
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Luke Hanley
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 04 September 2001
Citations: 115
Abstract
This article describes the preparation and analysis of macroporous TiO2 films on Ti surfaces, for application in bone tissue–Ti implant interfaces. These TiO2 bioceramic films have a macroporous structure consisting of monodisperse, three-dimensional, spherical, interconnected pores adjustable in the micron size range. Micron-sized polystyrene (PS) bead templates are used to precisely define the pore size, creating macroporous TiO2 films with 0.50, 16, and 50 μm diameter pores, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows the films to be predominantly composed of TiO2, with ∼10% carbon. X-ray diffraction reveal rutile as the main phase when fired to the optimal temperature of 950°C. Preliminary experiments find that the in vitro proliferation of human bone-derived cells (HBDC) is similar on all three pore sizes. However, higher [3H]thymidine incorporation by the HBDC is observed when they are grown on 0.50- and 16-μm pores compared to the 50-μm pores, suggesting an enhanced cell proliferation for the smaller pores. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 57: 588–596, 2001
References
- 1Lausmaa J, Kasemo B, Mattsson H. Surface spectroscopic characterization of titanium implant materials. Appl Surface Sci 1990; 44: 133–146.
- 2Alexander H, Brunski JB, Cooper SL, Hench LL, Hergenrother RW,et al. Classes of materials used in medicine. In: BD Ratner, AS Hoffman, FJ Schoen, JE Lemons, editors. Biomaterials science: An introduction to materials in medicine. New York: Academic Press; 1996. p. 37–132.
- 3Lemons JE. Dental implants. In: BD Ratner, AS Hoffman, FJ Schoen, JE Lemons, editors. Biomaterials science: An introduction to materials in medicine. New York: Academic Press; 1996. p. 308–319.
- 4Ratner BD. Biomaterials science: An interdisciplinary endeavor. In: BD Ratner, AS Hoffman, FJ Schoen, JE Lemons, editors. Biomaterials science: An introduction to materials in medicine. New York: Academic Press; 1996. p. 1–8.
- 5Johnsson R, Franzen H, Nilsson LT. Combined survivorship and multivariant analyses of revisions in 799 hip prostheses: A 10 to 20-year review of mechanical loosening. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1994; 76.
- 6Zreiqat H, Standard OC, Gengenbach T, Steele J, Howlett CR. The role of surface characteristics in the initial adhesion of human bone-derived cells on ceramics. Cell Mater 1996; 6: 45–56.
- 7Zreiqat H, Markovic B, Howlett CR. A novel technique for the quantitative detection of mRNA expression in human bone-derived cells on biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 1996; 33: 217–223.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199624)33:4<217::AID-JBM2>3.0.CO;2-S CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 8Hunt JA, Howlett CR, Zicat B, Williams DF, Zreiqat H. Quantification of the bone-related mRNAs at the bone/prosthetic interface. J Mater Sci Mater Med 1998; 9: 691–694.
- 9Zreiqat H, Sungaran S, Howlett CR, Markovic B. Quantitative aspects of an in situ hybridization procedure for detecting mRNAs in cells using 96 well microplates. Mol Biotechnol 1998; 10: 107–113.
- 10Zreiqat H, Evans P, Howlett CR. The effect of surface chemical modification of bioceramic on phenotype of human bone-derived cells. J Biomed Mater Res 1999; 44: 389–396.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(19990315)44:4<389::AID-JBM4>3.0.CO;2-O CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 11Lausmaa J. Surface spectroscopic characterization of titanium implant materials. J Elec Spect Rel Phenom 1996; 81: 343–361.
- 12Boyan BD, Hummert TW, Dean DD, Schwartz Z. Role of materials surfaces in regulating bone and cartilage cell response. Biomatererials 1996; 17: 137–146.
- 13Nishimura N, Kawai T. Effect of microstructure of titanium surface on the behavior of osteogenic cell line MC3T3-E1. J Mater Sci Mater Med 1998; 9: 99–102.
- 14Boskey AL. Will biomimetics provide new answers for old problems of calcified tissues? Calcif Tissue Inter 1998; 63: 179–182.
- 15Brunette DM, Chehroudi B. The effects of the surface topography of micromachined titanium substrata on cell behavior in vitro and in vivo. J Biomech Eng 1999; 121: 49–57.
- 16Cooper LF. A role for surface topography in creating and maintaining bone at titanium endosseous implants. J Prosthet Dent 2000; 84: 522–534.
- 17Bajpai PK, Billotte WG. Ceramic biomaterials. In: JD Bronzino, editor. The biomedical engineering handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1995. p. 552–580.
- 18Kelley JR, Nishimura I, Campbell SD. Ceramics in dentistry: Historical roots and current perspectives. J Prosthet Dent 1996; 75: 18–32.
- 19Berndt CC, Haddad GN, Farmer AJD, Gross KA. Thermal spraying for bioceramic applications. Mater Forum 1990; 14: 161–173.
- 20Wen HB, de Wijn JR, Cui FZ, de Groot K. Preparation of bioactive Ti6Al4V surfaces by a simple method. Biomaterials 1998; 19: 215–221.
- 21Li P, Ducheyne P. Quasi-biological apatite film induced by titanium in a simulated body fluid. J Biomed Mater Res 1998; 41: 341–348.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(19980905)41:3<341::AID-JBM1>3.0.CO;2-C CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 22Hench LL. Ceramics, glasses, and glass-ceramics. In: BD Ratner, AS Hoffman, FJ Schoen, JE Lemons, editors. Biomaterials science: An introduction to materials and medicine. New York: Academic Press; 1996. p. 73–84.
- 23Hench LL. Bioactive materials: The potential for tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res 1998; 41: 511–518.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(19980915)41:4<511::AID-JBM1>3.0.CO;2-F CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 24Currey J. 1984. The mechanical adaptations of bones. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
10.1515/9781400853724 Google Scholar
- 25Roy DM, Linnehan SK. Hydroxyapatite formed from coral skeletal carbonate by hydrothermal exchange. Nature 1974; 247.
- 26Pollick S, Shors EC, Holmes RE, Kraut RA. Bone formation and implant degradation of coralline porous ceramics placed in bone and ectopic sites. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995; 53: 915–922.
- 27Joschek S, Nies B, Krotz R, Gopferich A. Chemical and physiochemical characterization of porous hydroxyapatite ceramics made of natural bone. Biomaterials 2000; 21: 1645–1658.
- 28Acil Y, Terheyden H, Dunsche A, Fleiner B, Jepsen S. Three-dimensional cultivation of human osteoblast-like cells on highly porous natural bone mineral. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 51: 703–710.
- 29Wijnhoven JEGJ, Vos WL. Preparation of photonic crystals made of air spheres in titania. Science 1998; 281: 802–804.
- 30Holland BT, Blanford CF, Stein A. Synthesis of macroporous minerals with highly ordered three-dimensional arrays of spheroidal voids. Science 1998; 281: 538–540.
- 31Subramania G, Constant K, Biswas R, Sigalas MM, Ho K-M. Optical photonic crystals fabricated from colloidal systems. Appl Phys Lett 1999; 74: 3933–3935.
- 32Subramanian G, Manoharan VN, Thorne JD, Pine DJ. Ordered macroporous materials by colloidal assembly: A possible route to photonic bandgap materials. Adv Mater 1999; 11: 1261–1265.
10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199910)11:15<1261::AID-ADMA1261>3.0.CO;2-A CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
- 33Xia Y, Gates B, Yin Y, Lu Y. Monodispersed colloidal spheres: Old materials with new applications. Adv Mater 2000; 12: 693–613.
- 34Tatsuma T, Ikezawa A, Ohko Y, Miwa T, Matsue T, Fujishima A. Microstructured TiO2 templates for the preparation of size-controlled Bryopsis protoplasts as cell models. Adv Mater 2000; 12: 643–646.
- 35Scofield JH. Hartree-Slater subshell photoionization cross-sections at 1254 and 1487 eV. J Elec Spect Rel Phenom 1976; 8: 129–137.
- 36Gross KA, Berndt CC, Goldschlag DD, Iacono VJ. In vitro changes of hydroxyapatite coatings. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997; 12: 589–597.
- 37Hadjivanov KI, Klissurski DG. Surface chemistry of titania (anatase) and titania-supported catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 1996; 25: 61.
- 38Dupin J, Gonbeau D, Vinatier P, Levasseur A. Systematic XPS studies of metal oxides, hydroxides and peroxides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2000; 2: 1319–1324.
- 39Babelon P, Dequiedt AS, Mostéfa-Sba H, Bourgeois S, Sibillot P, Sacilotti M. SEM and XPS studies of titanium dioxide thin films grown by MOCVD. Thin Solid Films 1998; 322: 63–67.
- 40Wang R, Sakai N, Fujishima A, Watanabe T, Hashimoto K. Studies of surface wettability conversion on TiO2 single-crystal surfaces. J Phys Chem B 1999; 103: 2188–2194.
- 41Kumar PM, Badrinarayanan S, Sastry M. Nanocrystalline TiO2 studied by optical, FTIR and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: Correlation to presence of surface states. Thin Solid Films 2000; 358: 122–130.
- 42Ada ET, Lee SM, Lee H, Rabalais JW. Interactions of hyperthermal TiCl
(x=0–4) ions with graphite surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2000; 104: 5132–5138.
- 43Chang B-S, Lee C-K, Hong K-S, Youn H-J, Ryu H-S, et al. Osteoconduction at porous hydroxyapatite with various pore configurations. Biomaterials 2000; 21: 1291–1298.
- 44Breulmann M, Davis SA, Mann S, Hentze H-P, Antonietti M. Polymer-gel templating of porous inorganic macro-structures using nanoparticle building blocks. Adv Mater 2000; 12: 502–507.
- 45Brunette DM. Fibroblasts on micromachined substrata orient hierarchially to grooves of different dimesions. Exp Cell Res 1986; 164: 11–26.
- 46Chehroudi B, Gould TRL, Brunette DM. Titanium-coated micromachined grooves of different dimensions affect epithelial and connective tissue cells differently in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res 1990; 24: 1203–1219.
- 47Clark P, Connolly P, Curtis ASG, Dow JAT, Wolkinson CDW. Topographical control of cell bahaviour: I. Simple step cues. Development 1987; 99: 439–448.
- 48Clark P, Connolly P, Curtis ASG, Dow JAT, Wolkinson CDW. Topographical control of cell bahaviour: II. Multiple grooved substrata. Development 1990; 108: 635–644.
- 49Standard O, Zreiqat H, Kelly JC, Howlett CR. The effect of topography on the in vitro attachment of cells to alumina disks. J Aust Ceram Soc 1994; 29: 103–109.
