Exosomes can be derived from a variety of biological sources and show potential application in wound healing, scar prophylaxis, photodamage prevention, skin regeneration, improved grafting success, hair loss mitigation, and as biomarkers and drug carriers. However, their widespread clinical application is hindered by cost, a complex isolation process, lack of uniform experimental protocols, and limited assessment of infective potential hinder their widespread clinical application.

The accumulation of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced epigenetic changes likely influences the chronic consequences of UVR exposure. In this review, we describe the perturbations in DNA methylation and histone modifications that are observed following short-term and long-term UVR exposure, in both healthy and malignant skin. In addition, we speculate on the underlying biological mechanisms that may direct these changes, as well as how these changes may contribute to skin ageing and carcinogenesis.

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune-mediated disease characterised by the loss of pigmentary cells in the epidermis associated with comorbidity and reductions in quality of life. The pathology of vitiligo is theorized to be multimodal including auto-reactive CD8+ T-cells and inflammatory mediators including IFN-γ and interleukins 2, 6, 15, 17, and 33. Novel treatment options are aimed at restoring pigmentation through procedures (grafting), phototherapy, stem cells, anti-inflammatories and antioxidants.

This study examined the effect of a novel digital health promotion campaign surrounding sun protection on sun-related attitudes and behaviours in a population of Irish healthcare workers. Following the campaign, many of these improved, most significantly with regard to sunbathing behaviours and seeking shade. Confidence in communicating sun protection messaging increased. The findings of this study provide a unique insight into awareness of this population of safe sun behaviour, and demonstrates the effectiveness of a targeted digital campaign on these.

We generated a three-dimensional (3D) psoriatic skin model that was stimulated with TNF-α, IL-17A and IL-22 for 3D skin equivalents. We used this model to examine the altered expression of FLG2 and HRNR. Consequently, FLG2 and HRNR may play different roles in barrier formation and the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

In a retrospective study of 487 patients with male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) at a large specialist male genital dermatology clinic, we confirmed an adult biphasic distribution with peaks in the third and sixth decades. We found no significant association between MGLSc and smoking. Combined with the known paediatric peak, our findings support the triphasic pattern of MGLSc incidence and reflect the suggested pathogenesis involving urinary micro-incontinence, occlusion and epithelial susceptibility.

Despite reports of epidemiological links, an independent association of Parkinson's disease (PD) with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) remains unclear. We report that CMM predominates among persons with than without PD. A major strength of this study is its comprehensive scope, which entailed evaluating a wider range of skin tumours, including single and multiple pre-cancerous AK, NMSC and CMM, co-occurring in individuals with or without PD. Furthermore, it explores the complex relations of well-established CMM risk factors with these tumours in either group.

Description of the hip dips technique using hyaluronic acid for augmentation of the lateral depression. The minimally invasive technique proved to be safe and presented rapid results without major risks and downtime. The technique is characterized with a special marking, a safe plan, and a specific product (large size particles). The authors used a special ultrasound to choose the best plan for application. The patients were followed up for 10 months and presented no complications.

Using melanoma density as an indicator, we show that there is a moderate head-to-toe distribution of cutaneous melanoma, which may reflect a combined effect of sun exposure and protection from hair and clothing. These results emphasize protection on the ear and face of both men and women as these sites show the highest density of tumours.

Adapinoid (oleyl adapalenate), a novel third-generation retinoid acts as a pro-drug of adapalene but there is limited research surrounding its efficacy for photoaging. In this 12 week, double-blinded study, 48 enroled subjects were assessed on the effects and tolerability of topical adapinoid 0.5% versus topical retinol 0.5% on visible signs of photoaging. The clinical study shows that the adapinoid outperformed retinol in the appearance of wrinkle severity, erythema intensity, and tolerability.

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)-mediated angiogenesis is central to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Although, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of VEGF-A inhibition in psoriatic skin remain unknown. Here we determine that VEGF-A inhibition remodels the transcriptional signature of lipid metabolism in psoriasis non-lesional skin in ex vivo culture. More investigation is required as this may provide an opportunity to enhance cardiovascular risk management in psoriasis.

We investigated a young PXE patient experiencing erythematous flares of his PXE lesions compared to another young PXE patient. Our results suggest that inflammation could be part of PXE pathophysiology.

This case report describes a 26-year-old female with acute myeloid leukaemia undergoing salvage chemotherapy who developed an acutely expanding subcutaneous mass from the frontotemporal scalp to the angle of the jaw. Histopathologic evaluation revealed sclerosing fat necrosis with overlying psoriasiform spongiotic dermatitis, and tissue cultures identified multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, leading to a diagnosis of infectious panniculitis. The case emphasises the importance of thorough diagnostic approaches and multidisciplinary collaboration in managing uncommon cutaneous presentations in immunocompromised patients.

Craniofacial morphea (CM) is a rare autoimmune disease characterised by progressive atrophy of the skin and soft tissue of the face, resulting in facial asymmetry. With the involvement of varying practices in the care of patients with CM, consistent documentation of disease location and severity lack standardized evaluation. In comparing clinical documentation to mirror-imaged 3-dimensional (3D) photos, our results suggest that the adjunctive use of 3D stereophotogrammetry may enhance clinical documentation of CM disease.

The development of lichen planus (LP) from radiation therapy is exceedingly rare, with only 14 previous cases reported, none of which were associated with malignant transformation. We report a novel instance of erosive cutaneous LP developing at a previously radiated site, which subsequently transformed into squamous cell carcinoma. This case underscores the need to consider erosive LP in the differential diagnosis of persistent erosions in radiated areas and highlights the importance of vigilant monitoring for malignant transformation.

A 27-year-old man presented to the dermatology department with a pustular eruption following treatment with upadacitinib for atopic dermatitis. The pustular eruption resolved after suspension of the drug and he was diagnosed with acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis secondary to upadacitinib.

Using the clinical example of bacillary angiomatosis (BA) in the initial diagnosis of HIV infection, this case report illustrates the importance of prompt and comprehensive diagnostic testing for unusual skin changes, particularly when accompanied by general symptoms and indications of immunosuppression. Furthermore, it highlights the diverse clinical manifestations and treatment challenges associated with BA.

A 33-year-old female presented with coryzal symptoms, facial swelling, severe haemorrhagic stomatitis, blistering oral mucositis, conjunctival injection, and a sparse targetoid rash on the back and face, requiring admission to hospital. Oropharyngeal swab PCR was negative but serology was positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), yielding a diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM). We discuss the challenges involved in detecting MP using the available tests and the difficulties in clinically distinguishing MIRM from erythema multiforme major and Stevens–Johnson syndrome.

Prior work has demonstrated that a novel programme involving dermatologist-led, team-based education of student athletes (SAs), coaches, and athletic trainers termed Stanford University Network for Sun Protection, Outreach, Research, and Teamwork (SUNSPORT) improved photoprotective behaviours in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) SAs. Our current study investigated the use of an alternative, video-based form of SUNSPORT at Cal and UCLA. We demonstrate a trend for increasing sunscreen use amongst SAs with a more feasible programme.

There is a need to understand the journey of patients with melanoma, including any associated gender differences, to identify aspects in the patient journey that could be improved. We used data collected from an online survey completed by adults with stage III or IV melanoma at three Swiss melanoma centres to understand patients' perceptions of their healthcare journeys from melanoma diagnosis to treatment and the relevance of treatment attributes (Figure 1). We identified that there is a need to improve communication about the testing process and gender differences in terms on information needs, relevance of treatment attributes and attitudes towards psychological support.

Managing skin conditions in patients with darkly pigmented skin (DPS) can be challenging due to inadequate exposure to dermatology in DPS in clinical training. In this study, Irish GPs were less likely to correctly diagnose common skin conditions in patients with DPS (p < 0.001) and had lower confidence levels in diagnosis in DPS (p < 0.001). Lower diagnostic accuracy and confidence with common skin conditions in DPS in primary care may lead to misdiagnosis, suboptimal treatment and increased referrals to dermatology.

A 61 year old male presented with clinical signs of Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF), a rare connective tissue disease. Early recognition of the diagnosis of EF is essential. Common examination findings are prayer sign and distal limb swelling, induration, venous guttering, and peau d'orange. CT PET scan can be helpful in supporting the diagnosis of EF.

Deforming nodular lesions in an indigenous person from western Mexico compatible with leishmaniasis.