With current direct acting antivirals suppression of HCV viral load is almost universal, however, restoration of innate immune function may not always be the case. Failure to recover NK cell function after successful DAA therapy could have several relevant clinical implications such as, protection from re-infection and requires further study.

1. NAFLD patient exhibited a significant higher risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. 2. The presence of NAFLD yielded a remarkable higher risk of increased carotid artery intima-media thickness/plaques, arterial stiffness, coronary artery calcification and endothelial dysfunction. 3. NAFLD patient will benefit from screening and surveillance of early atherosclerosis.

Reg3g and Reg3b do not influence bacterial translocation and liver disease in western-style diet induced NASH. Reg3b might be important in pancreatic islet damage in type 2 diabetes, because Reg3b deficient mice did not develop glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.

TNF-α-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis induces fibrosis in the steatotic liver, and that inhibition of CBP/β-catenin signaling attenuates the liver fibrosis due to the reduction of hepatocyte apoptosis and suppression of the activation of collagen-producing cells.

In this UK-AIH consortium longitudinal immune profiling study the frequencies and phenotypes of leukocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of treatment naïve Autoimmune hepatitis patients before and after four months on corticosteroid therapy were examined. The study identifies that activated effector NK cell frequencies correlate with biochemical measurements of hepatitis and in the treatment naïve state compared to remission are elevated over Treg, which possess an exhausted, memory phenotype; thus inadequate regulation of NK cells by Treg may play a role in AIH pathogenesis and contribute to liver injury.

Cirrhosis and portal hypertension can lead to the formation of spontaneous splenorenal shunts (SSRS) that may divert portal blood flow to the systemic circulation and reduce hepatic perfusion. We evaluated clinical outcomes after liver transplant evaluation according to the presence or absence of SSRS at a large U.S. center. SSRS was present in 23% of 741 liver transplant candidates and did not independently predict mortality or receipt of liver transplantation, and among liver transplant recipients, SSRS did not predict post-transplant mortality or graft failure.

This study describes a blood test adjusted on multiple diagnostic targets of liver fibrosis stages. The new multi-targeted test significantly improves diagnostic accuracy, especially for cirrhosis diagnosis, compared to classical single-targeted blood tests and transient elastography.

This review aims to consider the dose-response association of liver stiffness measurement with liver-related events and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic liver disease, which might contribute to the routine clinical application of LSM in predicting LREs in the management of patients with CLD.