Cntn6 is expressed in the developing hippocampus in mice. Cntn6 deficiency affects spatial learning of male mice. Cntn6 deficiency affects the spatial memory of female mice, while improves spatial relearning.

We report here the effect of a single dose of escitalopram on motor task performance in normal volunteers. Principal component analysis of a well-studied tactile manipulation task investigated using fMRI established the reproducibility of the two networks of sensorimotor activity proposed in our previous study as well as an effect of escitalopram on the expression of the patterns.

Gray matter disease is a fundamental aspect of multiple sclerosis (MS), and cognitive impairment (CI) is an important component of MS-related disability, even though both of them, often, are not properly investigated in clinical practice.

In this study, conducted in a clinical practice setting in a cohort of relapsing–remitting and progressive patients with MS investigated with the Rao Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB), Version A and with high-field (3.0) MRI and double inversion recovery (3D-DIR) sequences, we found a significant correlation between the cognitive domains most affected in MS and cortical lesions number, a parameter easily achievable also outside research setting and useful for the clinical management of MS-related CI.

Self-reported short total sleep time was more strongly associated with depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) than matched controls. Short sleep may be an important marker, predictor, or consequence of depression severity in patients with PD.

The aim of our study was to analyse whether illness representations predict the intention to use (in the future) and the use (in the past) of rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis (MS) beyond sociodemographic and illness-related factors. Our data from N = 590 patients with MS suggest that addressing patients’ illness representations may facilitate the intention to use and the use of multimodal rehabilitation, contributing to better illness outcomes.

Using a two-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) arrangement, we measured changes in bilateral prefrontal blood oxygenation during a category version of the verbal fluency task (VFT) in 27 monozygotic twin pairs and 12 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs ages 5–17 years. Classical structured equation modeling indicated that the heritability of VFT-related brain activation was estimated to be 44% and 37% in the right and left prefrontal regions, respectively.

Becker muscular dystrophy patients show a decreased blood oxygen level-dependent response to a somatosensory stimulation when compared to healthy controls.

Given the strong heritability of psychosis, it is possible that unaffected relatives may express traits that are related to their protection against development of illness. We found that individuals who report being healthy but having a family member with psychosis showed better task switching performance than those who did not report having an ill family member.

This paper describes the results of chronic baclofen treatment in FXS mouse model. In contrast to earlier promising reports on acute baclofen treatment, our results show that chronic treatment leads to an adverse effect on social behavior. This might explain the recent failure of clinical trials with patients with FXS using arbaclofen.

This article reports that the nest-building activity may be a novel, objective, easy to use, highly sensitive, and long-lasting test that may reflect the multifaceted sensorimotor and cognitive deficits after stroke in humans. Our findings may provide a novel multifaceted test for bridging the gap between animal stroke studies and clinical trials.

Using a meta-analysis, we identified miRNA–mRNA pairs associated with ethanol's hypnotic effects including CamKIIn1 and mmu-miR-06b-5p. Our results suggest a novel role of miRNA-mediated regulation of an inhibitor of CAMK2, and its downstream targets including the GABA_A and NMDA receptors, which have been previously implicated to have a role in ethanol-induced sedation and sensitivity.

DNFB mice exhibit normal locomotor function. No significant difference in the sustaining time on the rotarod was observed between the DNFB mice and the control mice. p >.05 vs Control.

d-Cycloserine (DCS), an antituberculosis antibiotic, has been found to enhance exposure therapy outcomes for children and adults with various anxiety disorders; however, results of trials to date have been mixed. The efficacy of DCS in augmenting a single-session exposure treatment for children and adolescents with specific phobia was evaluated in a preliminary double-blind randomised controlled trial. DCS was not found to be superior to placebo for the overall sample; however, secondary analyses found that DCS was associated with positive augmenting effects for younger children, but not older, and moreover, within-session fear reduction may moderate outcomes of DCS, with greater reduction in fear during the single session associated with a trend toward superior functioning one month later for younger children, but not older children.

Migraine population prevalence is reported as between 2.6% and 21.7%, with an average of ~12%, but prevalence in neurologists is reported to be higher compared to the general population. In this study, we aim to examine migraine prevalence among neurologists, neurology trainees, and non-neurologists/trainees at a national neurology meeting. We found that migraine prevalence is significantly higher in neurologists compared to non-neurologists and at least 2–3 times higher than reported in population prevalence studies, and this may be due to significant under-recognition of migraine in non-neurologists.

This a prospective observational single-center study on patients with multiple sclerosis, in relapsing phase of the disease, treated with i.v. methylprednisolone 1,000 mg/day for 5 days. We tested liver function tests before treatment and after 2 weeks. During 12-month observation period, we collected 251 cycles of i.v. high-dose steroid treatment from 175 patients (65.1% females). Serum aminotransferase elevation (any grade) was observed on twenty-one cycles 2 weeks after methylprednisolone therapy (prevalence 8.6%). Six of them (prevalence 2.5%) presented a severe liver injury according to Hy's law. Liver injury should be considered a possible adverse event in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with pulsed methylprednisolone therapy for clinical relapse. Aminotransferase monitoring after pulsed methylprednisolone treatment is useful for clinical management.

The probe-to-nerve distance was estimated in the presences of materials with various impedances.This paper used multi-CMAP responses for nerve-muscle modeling. The generalized linear nerve model eliminated subject-dependent problems.

Our study is the first cross-sectional study performing an embedded sensor-based gait analysis in patients with atypical parkinsonian disorders and comparing them to patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, matched for global disability, sex and age and to healthy controls. Our results show that sensor-based gait analysis correlates to clinical rating scores and is able to differentiate patients from controls.

This study aimed to investgate the relationship between ceruloplasmin (CP) and Parkinson's population in China, in addition, correlation between CP level and time difference from non motor symptoms to motor symptoms (TDNMS-MS) were been mentioned.

A first of its kind, this study is a detailed evaluation on the effects of both VNS and ANT-DBS in refractory epilepsy patients. Altogether, 10 of the 11 patients presented similarities in responses between the VNS and DBS therapies. There is a putative association between the VNS and DBS responses, thus further suggesting the necessity for further studies.

AQP4 deficiency led to more susceptibility of mice to ketamine, which is probably due to the modulation of specific neurotransmitters, hinting an essential maintenance of synaptic activity mediated by AQP4 in the action of ketamine.

Patients with acute headache increasingly undergo CT-angiography (CTA) to evaluate underlying vascular causes. The aim of this study is to determine clinical and non-contrast CT (NCCT) criteria to select patients who might benefit from CTA. We find that in patients with acute headache an abnormal NCCT is the strongest predictor of a subsequent vascular abnormality on CTA. If NCCT is normal no other predictors increase the probability of finding an abnormality on CTA and diagnostic yield is low.

In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects, the hippocampus showed disrupted functional connectivity (FC) with the thalamus, para-hippocampal gyrus, medial and superior temporal gyrus, insula, and posterior cingulate cortex. Left and right caudate nuclei showed impaired FC with the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and right angular gyrus. These altered limbic-striatal-cortical FC in OSA showed linear relationships with sleep and neuropsychological variables.

Among patients with a stroke, four factors identified before arrival at hospital were associated with a risk of death during the following year. They were reflected in the patients’ age, previous clinical history, respiratory function, and the function of the central nervous system.

In this elderly population, higher blood pressure on arrival to the emergency room and decrease in blood pressure after the patients’ arrival to the ward were associated with improved functional outcome and reduced mortality, respectively. These results may reflect a regulatory situation in which elevated initial blood pressure indicates adequate response to cerebral tissue ischemia, while subsequent blood pressure decrease instead may be a consequence of partial, successful reperfusion.

White matter changes are observed in a patient with visual hallucinations following occipital stroke. Diffusion tensor imaging showed regeneration of the ipsilesional geniculocalcarine tract, compromised white matter connecting the visual cortex with frontal and temporal gyri, and disrupted interhemispheric connectivity between visual cortices. Specific white matter tracts are implicated in chronic visual hallucinations associated with occipital stroke.

We retrospectively reviewed clinical features of six patients with FOSMN. Dysphagia can be a life-threatening prognostic factor in patients with FOSMN, and oral phase dysphagia predominates in the early stage of FOSMN.

This study provides preliminary evidence that mobile phone radiation induces lipidome and transcriptome changes in mouse hippocampus.

This study evaluates a new model to explain the release of brain antidiuretic hormone (ADH), independent of plasma osmolality. Systematic review of the professional literature offers support of the proposed model. Data have implications for better understanding the fundemental physiology responsbile for ADH release and essential fluid management of the clinical patient.

TBSS analysis of reflex syncope patients.