Grasslands dominated by Bromus erectus grazed by either sheep or horses in the Umbria-Marches Apennines (central Italy) were examined. In terms of biodiversity conservation, horse grazing may be as useful as sheep grazing, but only if managed at optimal stocking rates, because the increase of short grasses and annuals does not ensure maintenance of soil on steep slopes.

Remnant grassland losses and increasing grassland restoration activities highlight the importance of restored grasslands. Here, aboveground stem and belowground bud densities in young (4 yr-old) restorations were reduced by drought, and drought response differed among functional groups. This research provides insights into how projected increases in drought frequency might affect establishment trajectories in restoration projects.

We studied whether refuse dumps (RD) from leaf-cutting ants can enhance germination and growth of native plant species from Monte Desert and analyzed the influence of heavy grazing on this practice. RD increased germination and vigor of seedlings from smaller seeds (i.e. from the highly grazed paddock). RD is especially good to restore vegetation cover in arid regions with heavy grazing.

Untangling cause-and-effect relationships between fire, soil and savanna vegetation dynamics requires combining scales and disciplines. Here we propose a regional approach in the semi-arid transboundary W Regional Park in Niger, using MODIS derived fire regime maps and an extensive field data set, and evidence a strong apparent sensitivity of the fire regime to substratum and vegetation structure characteristics.

In this paper we study how Acacia trees influence understory vegetation in an arid Mediterranean environment. Our results showed that the facilitative effect of Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana on herbaceous vegetation is mediated by a significant amelioration of soil fertility, water availability and microclimatic conditions. Facilitation increased with higher abiotic stress and decreased with intensification of pasture.

This paper describes the dynamics of a semiarid plant community following experimental removals of an exotic grass. We detect that natural regeneration following grass removal does not necessarily lead to plant communities that are more similar to natural non-invaded sites. Restoring invaded areas would require strategies that combine grass management with activities that facilitate the establishment of native plant species.

The study complements a gap in the knowledge concerning patterns of exotic plants in urban forest fragments of North America. Edge influence on vegetation in urban parks extended to 50 m from forest boundaries and to 3 m from interior trails. Exotic plants were more abundant in proximity to multiple edges providing evidence of edge interaction.

To map invasive alien shrub species in dune ecosystems we developed three classification methods based on remote sensing. The object-based classification, using multispectral aerial photographs and vegetation structure indices derived from LIDAR, gave the best classification accuracy. A shrub map on single species level, useful for the management of alien and invasive species, was created for Vlieland, the Netherlands.

We surveyed previously undocumented mountain goat home ranges to identify the composition of vegetation communities found therein. We provide estimates of species type and abundance of each community and linked the field work to remotely sensed data (LandSat 5 TM) for predictive modelling of community distribution across the entire Cascade Mountain Range in Washington, USA.

Despite substantial differences in plant species composition, arable weed communities in Mediterranean (Catalonia) and temperate (Germany) agroecosystems displayed very similar patterns in additive diversity components. Heterogeneity in community composition among organic farms (β-diversity) accounts for the majority of arable weed species diversity.

Biomass is an important ecological property, but its measuring is destructive and time-consuming. Here we propose and test indirect estimation of herbaceous biomass using models based on easily obtainable variables, namely plant heights and covers. The models were successfully tested on four independent data sets and in most cases performed better than the Ellenberg indicator values.

The main gradients in compositional diversity of oak woodland vegetation in Turkey run from the xerophytic evergreen woodlands near the Mediterranean Sea coast to the mesophytic deciduous forests near the Black Sea coast and to the continental open (semi-)deciduous (south-)east Anatolian woodlands and shrublands. These compositional gradients are associated with gradients in species traits and macroclimate.