Copper sorption (%) as indicated by 4 independent analyses, conducted in the present study, show a positive correlation with the surface area (calculated by the reported manufactured particle diameter) of the nanoparticles (NPs) used in the present study (cm²). The analyses were as follows: the differences in the 72-h median effect concentration (EC50; Δ 72-h EC50) in the presence of NPs of different surface area generated by Chlorella vulgaris tests, the Δ 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) of the zebrafish larvae tests, the differences in mt2 gene expression, and the curves generated by analytical chemistry (inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry [ICP-MS]), with R² values of 0.90, 0.88, 0.81, and 0.99, respectively.

A combination of fractionation, biotesting, and chemical analyses revealed that the wood-originated diterpenic compounds were the key toxicants in log pond sediment.

NMR Spectroscopy is used to provide a high-resolution molecular map of the contamination found at heavily contaminated sites. These maps can be used to compare contamination profiles to potential source materials.

More than 800 disinfection byproducts have been identified. Among them, some structurally diverse compounds are able to bind to the human estrogen receptor.

A 10-generation laboratory exposure of Chironomus riparius to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) at concentrations comparable to maximum values found in European rivers highlighted a slight growth reduction. However, effects at the population level were not proved. PFASs = perfuoroalkyl substances.

Mitochondrial toxicity in water extracts measured by the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in cells. Agents that uncouple the oxidative phosphorylation (e.g., bromoxynil) increase the cellular OCR and those that inhibit the electron transport chain (e.g., azoxystrobin) decrease OCR.

Acetylcholinesterase activity and corticosterone stress response in Lithobates sphenocephala after exposure to mixtures of atrazine (Z), alachlor (L), and urea (N).

Vitellogenin: A pesticide biomarker?

EDI = estimated daily intake.

Algal growth dynamics closely resembled those of the reference system (TriCosm) only after the test medium (T82MV) was aerated for ≥ 24 h and used approximately 48 h after medium preparation or the buffering salt concentration was increased. Shown are mean values ± 95% confidence intervals.