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IssueDiabetic Medicine: Volume 33, Issue 1
1-137January 2016
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Issue Information
Editor's Selection: This Month's Highlighted Articles
Systematic Review or Meta-analysis
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Diabetes as a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Pages: 10-16
- First Published: 14 July 2015
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Is onset of lactation delayed in women with diabetes in pregnancy? A systematic review
- Pages: 17-24
- First Published: 26 June 2015
Research Articles
Pregnancy
no
Women with an HbA1c of 41–49 mmol/mol (5.9–6.6%): a higher risk subgroup that may benefit from early pregnancy intervention
- Pages: 25-31
- First Published: 29 May 2015
What's new?
- Women with an HbA1c of 41–49 mmol/mol (5.9–6.6%) at early pregnancy screening or subsequent diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test are a higher risk subgroup than women with a lower HbA1c at diagnosis of gestational diabetes.
- Treating women with HbA1c 41–49 mmol/mol (5.9–6.6%) < 24 weeks compared with ≥ 24 weeks is associated with a reduced risk of pre-eclampsia.
- Overall, our data support early treatment of women with an early pregnancy HbA1c ≥ 41 mmol/mol (5.9%).
Epidemiology
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Adiponectin, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and tissue plasminogen activator antigen levels among glucose-intolerant women with and without histories of gestational diabetes
- Pages: 32-38
- First Published: 13 May 2015
What's new?
- This is the first study to examine whether biomarkers, including C-reactive protein, adiponectin, fibrinogen and tissue plasminogen-activating antigen, explain the higher diabetes risk of women with histories of gestational diabetes (GDM).
- This is the first study to determine whether concentrations of biomarkers associated with abnormal glucose homeostasis respond similarly to lifestyle changes and metformin among women with and without histories of GDM.
- Among women with impaired glucose tolerance, these biomarkers do not explain the higher diabetes risk observed in women with histories of GDM.
no
Short-term risk of cancer among women with previous gestational diabetes: a population-based study
- Pages: 39-46
- First Published: 13 May 2015
What's new?
- This novel study evaluates the relationship between GDM and short-term incidence of cancer.
- There is evidence of a relationship between diabetes and cancer, but few studies have examined whether cancer risk is increased in people with early dysglycaemia, such as women with a history of GDM.
- Using population-based data, we showed a higher risk of thyroid cancer and lower risk of premenopausal breast cancer in women with GDM compared with matched controls.
- To our knowledge, this study is the first to document a higher incidence of thyroid cancer in younger women with a history of GDM.
no
Poor structural social support is associated with an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study
- Pages: 47-54
- First Published: 02 September 2015
What's new?
- Poor structural social support compared with good structural social support in middle-aged men is associated with an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- The association is independent of known risk factors at baseline and is particularly evident in men with a low level of education.
- The assessment of structural social support may be considered in the risk prediction of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in men.
- Future research should investigate pathophysiological pathways and focus on gender differences as well as examine the association between social support and incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in terms of the functional and structural dimensions in more detail.
no
Ethnicity and risk of lower limb amputation in people with Type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study
- Pages: 55-61
- First Published: 16 May 2015
What's new?
- Lower limb amputations are a serious and costly complication of Type 2 diabetes.
- This study shows that, at least in one country, the risk of amputation is strongly influenced by a person's ethnicity, even after controlling for other demographic and clinical risk factors.
- This should be considered both in clinical care and in the planning of health services.
Complications
no
Measurement of small fibre pain threshold values for the early detection of diabetic polyneuropathy
- Pages: 62-69
- First Published: 13 May 2015
What's new?
- We evaluated small fibre pain threshold values for people with and without diabetes by intra-epidermal electrical stimulation (IES) with the use of a newly developed portable stimulator, PNS-7000.
- Our results show that small fibre pain threshold values were significantly higher in the group with diabetes compared with the group without diabetes, especially in those with abnormal neuropathic findings, diabetic retinopathy or diabetic nephropathy. We also found that IES took less time and was less invasive than nerve conduction studies.
- Our findings show that IES may be used for detection of small fibre neuropathy and may be clinically useful for C fibre measurement to diagnose early DPN as defined by Diabetic Neuropathy Study Group in Japan criteria.
no
C-Reactive protein and insulin growth factor 1 serum levels during the menstrual cycle in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes
- Pages: 70-76
- First Published: 04 June 2015
no
Association between hypoglycaemia and impaired hypoglycaemia awareness and mortality in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Pages: 77-83
- First Published: 20 May 2015
What's new?
- The study is the first to show that neither measures of exposure to severe hypoglycaemia nor impaired hypoglycaemia awareness are associated with an increased risk of mortality in two European cohorts followed for 6.5–12 years.
- This is an important finding, given the general anxiety about severe hypoglycaemia in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and its role in limiting the achievement of optimum glucose control.
no
Elevated serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels and its genetic polymorphism is associated with diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes
- Pages: 84-90
- First Published: 16 May 2015
What's new?
- The level of MCP–1 was significantly increased in the plasma of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients.
- The –2518 GG genotype and G allele of MCP–1 are associated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy. Further study showed that expression of the MCP–1 gene was increased in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients with the GG genotype compared with the AA and AG genotypes.
- The results suggested that the –2518 GG genotype and G allele of MCP–1 are associated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy in the Chinese Han population. This polymorphism may influence the expression of the MCP–1 gene and play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
- The study is a step toward improving the understanding of the possible relationship between the genetic variant and the complications of Type 2 diabetes including diabetic retinopathy.
Genetics
no
Killer immunoglobulin receptor genes and their HLA–C ligand are associated with Type 1 diabetes in an Eastern Indian population
- Pages: 91-96
- First Published: 29 May 2015
Treatment
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Resistance exercise training increases lower limb speed of strength generation during stair ascent and descent in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
- Pages: 97-104
- First Published: 24 June 2015
What's new?
- We examined for the first time, the effects of a resistance exercise-based intervention on speed of knee and ankle strength generation in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, during stair ascent and descent.
- We observed that after a 16-week intervention, people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and people with diabetes without neuropathy, increased the speed at which strength was developed at the ankle and knee during stair ascent and descent.
- This would be expected to decrease the risk of falling during these movements; therefore, such exercises could be incorporated into a multi-faceted exercise programme to improve safety in people with diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
no
Unexpectedly long half-life of metformin elimination in cases of metformin accumulation
- Pages: 105-110
- First Published: 04 September 2015
What's new?
- This study is the first to measure long-term plasma and erythrocyte metformin elimination in the context of so-called ‘metformin-associated lactic acidosis’.
- The estimated mean terminal estimated half-life (t½) values for metformin in plasma and erythrocytes were 51.9 and 43.4 h, respectively, challenging the traditional view that the drug clears rapidly because of its short half-life in plasma.
- In the setting of lactic acidosis and massive metformin accumulation, dialysis should be performed with a view to correcting metabolic disturbances in these generally oligo-anuric patients, rather than eliminating the drug rapidly.
Care Delivery
no
Early specialist care for diabetes: who benefits most? A propensity score-matched cohort study
- Pages: 111-118
- First Published: 16 May 2015
What's new?
- This study addresses a novel question about which patients with diabetes benefit from early endocrinologist care.
- The study reports the new finding that early endocrinologist care is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular events and death among medically complex patients with newly diagnosed diabetes. In contrast, non-complex patients fared equally well with primary care alone.
- The study was the first of its kind to use propensity score matching, among other techniques, to minimize confounding by indication in assessing the potential benefits of early specialist care in the setting of diabetes.
Open Access
oa
Family preferences for home or hospital care at diagnosis for children with diabetes in the DECIDE study
- Pages: 119-124
- First Published: 19 August 2015
What's new?
- Home or hospital treatment settings for children newly diagnosed with diabetes vary widely but little is known about the impact of early treatment settings on children and their families.
- Treatment setting was found to have no long-term impact on adaptation to, management of or impact of diabetes on children and their families.
- Families tended to express a preference for home treatment when offered an option at diagnosis.
- Retrospectively, families tended to prefer whichever treatment setting, home or hospital, they experienced and identified benefits in terms of learning about diabetes.
Educational and Psychological Issues
no
Effectiveness of tailored support for people with Type 2 diabetes after a first acute coronary event: a multicentre randomized controlled trial (the Diacourse-ACE study)
- Pages: 125-133
- First Published: 29 May 2015
What's new?
- People with Type 2 diabetes experienced a low level of diabetes-related distress after a first acute coronary event; distress remained low at 5 months and was not influenced by a tailored supportive intervention.
- Although people with Type 2 diabetes had a less favourable health status after hospital discharge, a tailored support intervention improved health status to an adequate level.
- People with Type 2 diabetes viewed an acute coronary event as a comorbidity rather than as a complication of their diabetes.
Letters
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The poor patient with diabetes ‘should live like a saint’
- Pages: 134-135
- First Published: 04 June 2015
no
The dilemma of subclinical hypothyroidism and renal complications in Type 2 diabetes
- Page: 135
- First Published: 15 October 2015
Correction
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