The identification of sarcopenic obesity as a universal diagnostic criterion and the application of treatment strategies for sarcopenic obesity are necessary in the frail elderly population. Energy restriction accompanied by appropriate dietary proteins, including essential amino acids, can promote muscle health. The combination of dietary interventions and regular physical activity (based on aerobic and resistance exercise) may be the most effective strategy for improving sarcopenic obesity.

An 8-year prospective study on community-dwelling older Japanese adults. A higher total score of the Kihon checklist (t-KCL score) was associated with a higher risk of functional disability. The t-KCL score improved the model's predictive ability for functional disability.

The aim of the study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) version 2.0 in Turkish. CFS version 2.0 in Turkish had been appropriately translated through translation to the back-translation process. Then, we compared the newly edited Turkish translation of CFS version 2.0, Turkish version of the FRAIL Scale and Turkish version of the Edmonton Frail Scale. The Turkish translation of CFS version 2.0 has been shown to be suitable, valid and reliable for use in frailty screening in outpatient clinics.

To our knowledge, this is the first study to clarify the Kihon Checklist items that are related to the development of frailty and recovery to robust status during the COVID-19 pandemic. The baseline Kihon Checklist items regarding physical function and associated mental aspects were related to both development of frailty and recovery to robust status. Cognitive and depressive declines were associated with the development of frailty, while good oral environment and sense of fulfillment in life were associated with the recovery to robust status.

Handgrip strength (HGS) weakness and asymmetry together might increase the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in older outpatients. HGS asymmetry offers complementary information to HGS weakness when making a comprehensive assessment of HGS.

We hypothesized that older adults with forward head posture have morphological changes in the suprahyoid muscles and decreased suprahyoid muscle strength (jaw-opening force). In this study, we investigated the association between forward head posture and morphological characteristics of the suprahyoid muscles as well as the association between the latter and jaw-opening force to clarify the relationship of forward head posture and jaw-opening force. Our study demonstrated that the overextended length of suprahyoid muscles mediates the relationship between forward head posture and jaw-opening force.

We retrospectively analyzed publicly distributed nationwide statistics summarizing the monthly number of public long-term care (LTC) insurance users in Japan between April 2018 and March 2021, with the aim of evaluating the level of impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the LTC insurance system. The use of LTC services started to decline in March 2020 and reached its largest decline in May 2020, with the degree of decline being particularly high for services provided in facilities (e.g., short-stay or outpatient-care services).