Airway remodeling is a complex process, and controlling it appears to be a key for halting the progression of asthma and other obstructive lung diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-remodeling properties of extracts from transformed and transgenic L. sibiricus roots with overexpression of AtPAP1 transcriptional factor. Our study shows for the first time that transformed AtPAP1 TR extract from L. sibiricus root may affect the remodeling process.

Glioma-created microenvironment upregulated SOCS1 expression of infiltrated DC to inhibit the maturation of DC, which might through NF-κB signaling pathway.

RT-qPCR quantification analysis of TRECs and KRECs in gDNA of patients with many diverse molecularly confirmed Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases was performed. Our data suggest that in addition to classical SCID and agammaglobulinemia, the TREC/KREC assay may identify secondary targets including some patients with ZAP70 deficiency, DOCK8 deficiency, ataxia telangiectasia, Wiskott-Aldrich and bare lymphocyte syndromes.

Among Chinese Han people, the mutation rate of NLRP7 in BiCHM is low, suggesting the complexity of genetic background.NLRP7 mutations reduce the ability of monocytes / macrophages to secrete IL-1β and TNF-α.The different domains of NLRP7 may affect the processing and / or trafficking of IL-1β.

For NA-experienced CHB patients who achieved low HBsAg levels, a combination of Peg-IFN-α and NA therapy is more likely to result in HBsAg decline and HBsAg clearance by increasing the activity of CD56briNK cells. And NA therapy may restore partial immune status in CHB patients through down-regulating the expression of CCR4 and reducing the immunosuppressive effect of Treg cells.

Recurrent oral ulcers and hyperactive blood neutrophils are characteristic of Behҫet’s Disease (BD). High levels of enzymatically active neutrophil elastase (NE) were measured in saliva of BD patients without ulcers (BDq), which can lead to extracellular matrix degradation and mucosal instability. BD oral epithelial cells expressed high levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) mRNA, however, salivary SLPI protein was depleted. Although high levels of salivary alpha-1 antitrypsin (α1AT) were detected, NE was not fully inhibited. We propose that BDq individuals experience a protease-anti-protease imbalance in favour of NE which may contribute to their recurrent oral ulceration episodes.

Our study suggests that the activated ICOS⁺PD-1⁺Tfh cells are involved in the disease activity of UC, and the underlying mechanisms may be through promoting the differentiation of functional B cells caused by elevated serum IL-4 and IL-21. Furthermore, activated ICOS⁺PD-1⁺Tfh cells, together with PD-1⁺Tfh cells or not, are reliable biomarkers for UC disease activity monitoring.

This study focused on the effect of heparin on regulatory T cells (Tregs) on the allogeneic immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Heparin-induced de novo Treg generation and maintained the survival and activation of Tregs, independent of its anti-coagulant properties.