Using contributing peptides selected by both survival data and pre-existing immunity in personalized peptide vaccine treatment may enhance the clinical benefits for urological cancer patients.

Although lung is a major organ where primary tumor develops and cancer cells metastasize, there is no clear evidence whether circulating NK cells and/or tissue-resident NK cells control tumor growth in lung. Presented results indicate the importance of lung-resident NK cells for controlling pulmonary tumor growth.

RSV should be emphasized as a modulator of MDSC suppressive function and RSV can be used as a novel booster for tumor immunotherapy.

We find N-{3-[(1,4′-bipiperidin)-1′-yl]propyl}-6-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]picolinamide (SINCRO; STING-mediated interferon-inducing and cytotoxic reagent, original) as a novel anticancer compound. SINCRO induces type I interferon gene expression through STING and exerts cytotoxic activity against cancer cells in a STING-independent method. Thus, SINCRO is an attractive compound with dual anticancer function.

B7-H3 expression is regulated by multiple mechanisms and is mainly involved in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway. Higher B7-H3 expression indicates worse prognosis for glioma patients, which warrants further research into the development of inhibitors for targeting this immune checkpoint, but we still need to be cautious about immune checkpoint inhibition for central nervous system tumors.

Survival of MM patients is significantly correlated with PFN1 expression. PFN1 could interact with Beclin1 complex and promote the process of autophagy. PFN1 could induce drug resistance in MM, and inhibition of autophagy may reverse it.

lncRNA HOTAIR could promote proliferation, invasion, migration and cell cycle progression. It could be an ideal indicator of cell cycle dysregulation and guide the use of cell cycle inhibitors.

miR-145 negatively correlated with DNMT3A expression at cellular/histological levels. A feedback loop between miR-145 and DNMT3A is a potent signature for the Warburg effect in ovarian cancer, promising a potential target for improved anticancer treatment.

We found that the cytoglobin (Cygb) gene is an important effector that promotes extravasation of osteosarcoma (OS) to the lungs. Our data showed a novel function of the LEF1-CYGB axis in OS lung metastasis and may provide novel targets for drugs that prevent OS lung metastasis.

FH inactivation is associated with deadly renal cell carcinomas that are refractory to current treatments. We demonstrate that FH-inactivated tumors are preferentially susceptible to ferroptosis.

Mammalian homologue of Caenorhabditis elegans unc-119 protein, UNC119, is a binding partner of tumor suppressor RASSF6. UNC119 enhances the interaction between RASSF6 and MDM2 and stabilizes p53.

Inhibition of intracellular organelle ClC-3 Cl⁻/H⁺ transporter repressed HER2 transcription in breast cancer cells. Intracellular Cl- regulation participated in HER2 transcription, mediating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and/or STAT3 signaling pathway(s) in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. ANO1/ClC-3 blockers may be potential therapeutic options for patients with resistance to anti-HER2 therapies.

Multiple mechanisms are involved in imatinib resistance. Here, we reported a novel mechanism of acquired resistance, which was induced by enhanced Ca²⁺ influx through STIM1-mediated SOCE.

This study is the first to show high expression of CD44v9, a cancer stem cell marker, in chemoresistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which were previously exposed to chemotherapeutic agents through hepatic arterial infusion chemoembolization.

Seven biomarkers and first revealed that ENPTD8 engaged in CTP dephosphorization in pyrimidine metabolism was highly deregulated in pancreatic cancer (PC) tissue. The expression level of ENTPD8 was negatively related to PC tumor formation. ENTPD8 and cytidine were closely related to PC tumorigenesis, which could be a target for early detection and effective therapy of PC in the future.

This article reports the first application of postmarketing real-world data on a mechanistic pharmacodynamic model for neutropenic profiles by eribulin. Low serum albumin and low baseline neutrophil counts were associated with severe neutropenia. The probability of grade ≥3 neutropenia was predicted in different dosing schedules, based on virtual simulations using the developed pharmacodynamic model.

In this phase II study, an immunochemotherapy regimen (R-high-CHOP/CHASER) including high-dose cyclophosphamide and high-dose cytarabine with rituximab followed by high-dose chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, etoposide, melphalan, and dexamethasone) and stem cell transplantation showed high efficacy and acceptable toxicity in younger patients (<65 years) with newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma.

Serum levels of periostin (POSTN) were significantly increased in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Performances of carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9) were improved by the marker panel composed of CA19.9, POSTN, and CA242, to discriminate early stage PDAC from control subjects. POSTN retained significant diagnostic capabilities to distinguish CA19.9-negative PDAC from control subjects.

This dose-escalation/dose-expansion study (NCT02192697) was carried out in two phases to assess the clinical activity of ASP8273 in Asian patients with non-small-cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating and T790M mutations. ASP8273 is a highly specific, irreversible, once-daily, oral, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits both activating and resistance mutations. ASP8273 300 mg was generally well tolerated and showed antitumor activity in Asian patients with both EGFR-activating and T790M mutations.

Clinical experience of ceritinib in patients who progressed on alectinib is limited. In this prospective phase II study, we evaluated the activity of ceritinib in alectinib-pretreated patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged metastatic (stage IIIB/IV) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan.

video abstract

Cancer-specific survival curves of 19 patients with renal cell carcinoma [T1a/bN0M0 (n = 15) and advanced stage (n = 4)] after carbon-ion radiotherapy. A significant difference between T1a/bN0M0 and advanced stage groups was observed (P = 0.027).

Cost-utility analysis on aprepitant was conducted from the perspective of the Japanese National Health Insurance system. The cost-effectiveness of the aprepitant-containing antiemetic therapy was limited to the outpatient care setting.

In the present study, the cytotoxic mechanism of photoimmunotherapy was investigated. As a result, we found that minute irreversible damage of the cell plasma membrane was produced after near-infrared light irradiation. This damage was not recovered in the usual biological process, but it was expanded to cause fatal cell death.

This is the first study to detect serum circulating miRNA biomarkers by branched rolling circle amplification in clinical research. Serum c-miR16, c-miR21, c-miR155, and c-miR195 could be used as biomarkers to improve early diagnosis of breast cancer, and distinguish different breast cancer molecular subtypes. Branched rolling circle amplification assay can be used to measure the serum levels of circulating miRNAs for the screening and detection of early breast cancer, which has high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.

GGAA microsatellites and enhancer regions were identified as EWS-FLI1-binding loci in a mouse model for Ewing sarcoma. Foxq1 was identified as a cooperative partner of EWS-FLI1, and interaction between Foxq1 and EWS-FLI1 was observed. Trib1 and Nrg1 were identified as direct target genes for EWS-FLI1 and Foxq1 collaboration.

Our study showed that expression of miR-144-5p and miR-144-3p was downregulated, and these microRNAs (miRNAs) acted as antitumor miRNAs in renal cell carcinoma. SDC3 was directly controlled by miR-144-5p, and its expression enhanced cancer cell aggressiveness. Clustered miRNAs (miR-451a, miR-144-5p, and miR-144-3p) acted as antitumor miRNAs, and their targets were intimately involved in renal cell carcinoma pathogenesis.

Efficacy of cabazitaxel (CBZ) for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is limited and there are no effective treatments for CBZ-resistant CRPC. Results of analysis in CBZ-resistant CRPC cell lines show that MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling might be therapeutic targets for CBZ-resistant CRPC.

Using proteomic analysis, we identified that ZIP4 was the most upregulated exosomal protein in PC-1.0 cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that exosomal ZIP4 could promote pancreatic cancer growth. Validation with clinical samples proved that exosomal ZIP4 could be a novel diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer.

We undertook this study to evaluate programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in colorectal cancer with immunohistochemistry using 3 different antibodies as well as multiple cut-off points for denoting PD-L1 positivity. We also evaluated the CD274/PD-L1 gene copy number in colorectal cancers using FISH.

The SPINT2 gene was aberrantly methylated in high-grade gliomas. Forced expression of SPINT2 in glioblastoma cells suppressed MET phosphorylation.