Journal of Applied Mathematics
Volume 2012, Issue 1 358918
Research Article
Open Access

Uniformly Strong Persistence for a Delayed Predator-Prey Model

Changjin Xu, 

Corresponding Author

Changjin Xu

Guizhou Key Laboratory of Economics System Simulation, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550004, China gzife.edu.cn

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Yuanfu Shao, 

Yuanfu Shao

Department of Mathematics and Physics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China gutcie.cn

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Peiluan Li, 

Peiluan Li

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China haust.edu.cn

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First published: 09 October 2012
https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/358918
Citations: 1
Academic Editor: Wan-Tong Li

Abstract

An asymptotically periodic predator-prey model with time delay is investigated. Some sufficient conditions for the uniformly strong persistence of the system are obtained. Our result is an important complementarity to the earlier results.

1. Introduction

The dynamical behavior including boundedness, stability, permanence, and existence of periodic solutions of predator-prey systems has attracted a great deal of attention and many excellent results have already been derived. For example, Gyllenberg et al. [1] studied limit cycles of a competitor-competitor-mutualist Lotka-Volterra model. Mukherjee [2] made a discussion on the uniform persistence in a generalized prey-predator system with parasitic infection. Aggelis et al. [3] considered the coexistence of both prey and predator populations of a prey-predator model. Agiza et al. [4] investigated the chaotic phenomena of a discrete prey-predator model with Holling type II. Sen et al. [5] analyzed the bifurcation behavior of a ratio-dependent prey-predator model with the Allee effect. Zhang and Luo [6] gave a theoretical study on the existence of multiple positive periodic solutions for a delayed predator-prey system with stage structure for the predator. Nindjin and Aziz-Alaoui [7] focused on the persistence and global stability in a delayed Leslie-Gower-type three species food chain. Ko and Ryu [8] discussed the coexistence states of a nonlinear Lotka-Volterra-type predator-prey model with cross-diffusion. Fazly and Hesaaraki [9] dealt with periodic solutions of a predator-prey system with monotone functional responses. One can see [10–19] and so forth for more related studies. However, the research work on asymptotically periodic predator-prey model is very few at present.

The so-called asymptotically periodic function is that a function can be expressed by the form , where a(t) is a periodic function and satisfies .

In 2006, Kar and Batabyal [20] investigated the stability and bifurcation of the following predator-prey model with time delay
()
with initial conditions x(0) ≥ 0,   y(0) ≥ 0,   z(0) ≥ 0, where z(t) denotes the densities of prey; y(t) and z(t) denote the densities of two predators, respectively, at time t; γ and δ denote the intraspecific competition coefficients of the predators; β1 and β2 denote the conversion of biomass constant; d1 and d2 are the death rate of first and second predator species, respectively; α1 is the maximum values of per capita reduction rate of x due to y and α2 is the maximum values of per capita reduction rate of x due to z; a1 and a2 are half saturation constants. τ is time delay in the prey species. All the parameters are positive constants. For details, one can see [20].
It will be pointed out that all biological and environment parameters in model (1.1) are constants in time. However, any biological or environmental parameters are naturally subject to fluctuation in time. Thus the effects of a periodically varying environment are important for evolutionary theory as the selective forces on systems in a fluctuating environment differ from those in a stable environment. Therefore, the assumptions of periodicity of the parameters are a way of incorporating the periodicity the environment (such as seasonal effects of weather, food supplies, and mating habits). Inspired by above considerations and considering the asymptotically periodic function, in this paper, we will modify system (1.1) as follows:
()
with initial conditions x(0) ≥ 0,   y(0) ≥ 0,   z(0) ≥ 0.

The principle object of this paper is to explore the uniformly strong persistence of system (1.2). There are very few papers which deal with this topic, see [10, 21].

In order to obtain our results, we always assume that system (1.2) satisfies (H1)  αi(t),  βi(t), ai(t), di(t)(i = 1,2),  r(t), γ(t), δ(t), K(t) are continuous, nonnegative periodic functions; ,  , , , , , , are continuous, nonnegative asymptotically items of asymptotically periodic functions.

2. Uniformly Strong Persistence

In this section, we will present some result about the uniformly strong persistence of system (1.2). For convenience and simplicity in the following discussion, we introduce the notations, definition, and Lemmas. Let
()
In view of the definitions of lower limit and upper limit, it follows that for any ε > 0, there exists T > 0 such that
()

Definition 2.1. The system (1.2) is said to be strong persistence, if every solution x(t) of system (1.2) satisfied

()

Lemma 2.2. Both the positive and nonnegative cones of R2 are invariant with respect to system (1.2).

It follows from Lemma 2.2 that any solution of system (1.2) with a nonnegative initial condition remains nonnegative.

Lemma 2.3 (see [10].)If a > 0,   b > 0, and , where α is a positive constant, when t ≥ 0 and x(0) > 0, we have

()

In the following, we will be ready to state our result.

Theorem 2.4. Let P1, P2, P3, and Q1 be defined by (2.7), (2.10), (2.13), and (2.16), respectively. Assume that conditions (H1) and

  • (H2)

    ,

  • (H3)

hold, then system (1.2) is uniformly strong persistence.

Proof. It follows from (2.2) that for any ε > 0, there exists T1 > 0 such that for t ≥ T1,

()
Substitute (2.5) into the first equation of system (1.2), then we have
()
By Lemma 2.3, we get
()
Then for any ε > 0, there exists T2 > T1 > 0 such that
()
Similarly, from (2.2) and the second equation of system (1.2), we obtain that for any ε > 0, there exists T3 > T2 > 0 such that
()
In view of Lemma 2.3, we derive
()
Then for any ε > 0, there exists T4 > T3 > 0 such that
()
From (2.2) and the third equation of system (1.2), we obtain that for any ε > 0, there exists T5 > T4 > 0 such that
()
In view of Lemma 2.3, we derive
()
Then for any ε > 0, there exists T6 > T5 > 0 such that
()
According (2.8), (2.11), (2.14) and the first equation of system (1.2), we obtain that for any ε > 0, there exists T7 > T6 > 0 such that
()
Using Lemma 2.3 again, we have
()
Thus for any ε > 0, there exists T8 > T7 > 0 such that
()
According (2.8), (2.11), (2.14) and the second equation of system (1.2), we obtain that for any ε > 0, there exists T9 > T8 > 0 such that
()
Using Lemma 2.3 again, we have
()
Thus for any ε > 0, there exists T10 > T9 > 0 such that
()
According (2.8), (2.11), (2.14) and the third equation of system (1.2), we obtain that for any ε > 0, there exists T11 > T10 > 0 such that
()
Using Lemma 2.3 again, we have
()
Thus the proof of Theorem 2.4 is complete.

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 11261010 and no. 11161015), Soft Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province (no. 2011LKC2030), Natural Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province (J[2012]2100), Governor Foundation of Guizhou Province ([2012]53), and Doctoral Foundation of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics (2010).

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