To evaluate and compare the efficacy of glycine and chitosan powder to regain the osseo-conductivity of contaminated titanium surfaces: an in-vitro study

CK8LY ORAL COMMUNICATION BASIC RESEARCH

Background: Air Powder Abrasive treatment is one of the modality for peri-implantitis. However, there are not many studies describing the role of chitosan as an air abrasive. Chitosan exhibits properties like antibacterial, antifungal, mucoadhesive, osteoconductive and haemostatic properties. Therefore, this study determines the efficacy of chitosan powder to remove the biofilm and decontaminate the titanium surface thereby re-establishing the osseo-conductivity of a failing implant surface.

Aim/Hypothesis: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Air Powder Abrasive (APA) treatment using Glycine and Chitosan powder in removal of pathogenic biofilm and re-establishing the osseo-conductivity of the contaminated titanium surface

Materials and Methods: 108 grade 4 titanium discs were pre-contaminated with Porphyromonas Gingivalis bacterial strain and stained with crystal violet. APA treatment using water soluble chitosan (Test group 1) and glycine powder (Test group 2) was carried out. Group 3 is the control which was not treated with APA treatment. Discs were later washed with ethanol and the absorption of the resultant violet solution was done under a stereomicroscope to evaluate the amount of biofilm removed. Post biofilm removal, discs were disinfected by application of tetracycline and seeded with MG-63 Osteoblast like cells. Cell adhesion was evaluated with haemocytometer and is expressed as the percentage of the initial number of cells. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay with spectrophotometry.

Results: The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Newman's Kewl post hoc test. There was no significant difference in the removal of biofilm from the titanium surfaces in both the test groups. However, both cell adhesion and proliferation was significantly higher in the group treated with chitosan powder than the glycine powder (P < 0.05).

Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Air Powder Abrasive treatment with water soluble chitosan powder can help treat peri-implantitis and thereby re-establish osseo-conductivity of infected or contaminated titanium dental implants.

Keywords: Air Powder Abrasive, Chitosan powder, Peri-implantitis, Glycine, Osseo-conductivity.