Clinical and radiological comparison of the effects of concentrated growth factor on bone formation used in closed sinus lifting applications

Background

The placement of dental implants in toothless patients at the posterior region of the maxilla may be difficult. Increased sinus pneumatization and alveolar bone resorption complicates dental implant surgery and reduce implant survival. With the sinus floor elevation, sufficient height and quantity of bone can be provided for placement of dental implants. Many clinical studies have reported the use of platelet rich blood samples from patient's own venous blood as an alternative to bone grafting.

Aim/Hypothesis

The aim of this study is to evaluate the mean amount of intrasinus bone obtainable with the osteotome technique for transcrestal maxillary sinus elevation combined with simultaneous implant insertion, with and without the use of concentrated growth factor.

Material and Methods

In our study, twelve patients with residual bone height of 3–6 mm were included. Same length, diameter and same standard implant were used for standardization. In the same patient, 2 implant nests were prepared with the help of surgical stents and the sinus was elevated with osteotome technique. Concentrated growth factor was applied to one of the implant nests and the other nest was left empty for control. The implants were implanted by a single surgeon simultaneously with the sinus floor elevation to both implant slots. For the evaluation of bone heights, dental volumetric tomography (DVT) was taken preoperatively and 6 months after the surgery. Measurements were made via DVT recordings.

Results

The mean preoperative residual bone heights of 13 cases that included in the study were + 4.39 ± 1.10 mm in the concentrated growth factored dental implant cavity group and 4.61 ± 0.69 mm in the control group. The mean postoperative alveolar bone gain was 5.72 ± 1.13 mm in the concentrated growth factored dental implant cavity group and 5.56 ± 0.91 mm in the control group. There was a significant difference between the mean preoperative and postoperative total residual bone height in both groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in comparison with the increase in the postoperative bone height of the concentrated growth factored dental implant cavity group and the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion and Clinical Implications

As a result, new bone formation was observed in both groups. In cases using concentrated growth factor, it was observed that the amount of new bone formed was higher but no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. However, there is a need to evaluate these findings with studies involving a higher number of patient groups.