The efficacy of maxillary mandibular bone marrow stromal cells for bone regeneration

Background

Several studies have evaluated bone regeneration using autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) bone marrow-derived stromal cells, and clinical application has already begun in dentistry. Recent studies have reported collecting stem cells from the maxilla or mandible, and the effects have attracted great attention.

Aim/Hypothesis

Alveolar bone marrow is a useful cell source in bone regenerative medicine in dentistry because it can be collected relatively easily by the dentist. In this study, we reported the efficacy of maxillary mandibular bone marrow stromal cells (MBMSCs) in bone regeneration.

Materials and Methods

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kagoshima University Hospital. After informed consent was obtained from all patients, alveolar bone marrow collection was performed using a dedicated puncture needle in 45 patient undergoing dental implant placement. Patients enrolled in this study were 22–78 years of age (mean- 57.5 years + 18 men and 29 women). The collected alveolar bone marrow was cultured in alfa minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum after measurement with a fully-automated hemocytometer+ the adherent proliferated cells were designated as MBMSCs. We evaluated the feasibility of obtaining MBMSCs based on sex, age, collection site (upper or lower jaw), and the white blood cell red blood cell (W R) ratio in collected bone marrow. We evaluated the osteogenic differentiation ability of the obtained MBMSCs under the same conditions, and we used the chi-square test for the statistical analyses.

Results

We obtained MBMSCs from 8 15 men and 20 30 women and from 22 32 patients aged < 65 years and 6 13 patients aged > 65 years. We obtained MBMSCs from the maxilla in 6 16 patients and from the mandible in 22 29 patients, and in 20 28 patients with a W R ratio > 0.2% and 7 12 patients with a W R ratio < 0.2%. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference regarding the collection site, and no significant difference regarding sex, age, or W R ratio. Osteogenic differentiation of the obtained MBMSCs occurred in- 6 8 men and 10 20 women + 13 22 patients aged < 65 years and 3 6 patients aged > 65 years+ samples from the maxilla in 4 6 patients and the mandible in 12 22 + and 11 20 patients with a W R ratio > 0.2% and 4 7 patients with a W R ratio < 0.2%. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences for all conditions.

Conclusion and Clinical Implications

The number of MSCs collected from iliac bone marrow decreases with age, and MSC differentiation ability is also considered to decrease. However, studies report markedly increased numbers of MSCs from alveolar bone marrow even if samples are collected from older patients, and that the MSCs express stem cell markers. Our results showed that MBMSCs can be collected from older patients regardless of sex. We expect MBMSCs to play an important role in bone regenerative medicine in dentistry.