Success and survival rates assessment of dental implants: A 1 to 6-year retrospective study

Background

Rehabilitation of the incomplete dentition with dental implants has become a routine treatment modality with predictable long-term results. Dental implant operations, which are a contemporary treatment method, may not always meet all expectations. Therefore, various implant success criteria have been defined to express the success of the implants.

Aim/Hypothesis

The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the long-term results of dental implants by using the criteria of implant survival and implant success criteria.

Material and Methods

40 patients who received 165 dental implants during the past 1–6 years were recalled for a complete clinical and radiographic examination. Each dental implant has been analysed according to the results of evaluation scales over the entire observation period. Recorded data for each patient were the number and distribution of implants, plaque index (Silness&Löe 1964), gingival index (Löe&Silness 1963), papillary bleeding index (Saxer & Muhlemann 1975), probing pocket depth, distance between the implant shoulder and the mucosal margin, implant peri-implant tissue health (Weyant 1994), peri-implant soft tissue examination (suppuration, swelling, width of keratinized mucosa > 1.5 mm), implant loss, implant placement type (Lang 2012), Albrektsson's implant success criteria and ASA classification.

Results

The long-term dental implant survival with success rate were %89.09. Of all the 165 implants, 10 came with the result of implant loss and 8 with the result of satisfactory survival. Papillary bleeding index showed no bleeding with ratio of %80.6. The prevalence of probing pocket depth was higher than 2 mm in %22.6 of all implants. The prevalence of plaque index was score 1 in %34.7 of patients. %91.3 of all patients have no any pathological signs. Patients’ ratios of ASA classification were %53.9 for ASA I, %44.4 for ASA II and %1.7 for ASA III. Despite a relatively high long-term survival rate, biological and technical complications have been found. Patients with a history of periodontitis were more prone to biological complications such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.

Conclusion and Clinical Implications

The present retrospective 1 to 6-year study showed %89.09 success rate of dental implants. ASA classification and poor oral hygiene were found to be related with implant failure.