The phrase “endangered cultures and languages” refers to the threatened extinction of these in indigenous societies. The concept of endangerment first appeared in publications in 1990. Endangerment begins when society's youth no longer learn and use their traditional language and culture, or are prevented from doing so. Various factors can cause this to happen, particularly colonialization and (later) globalization. Lists of endangered languages exist to encourage research, but these lists do not include all endangered cultures. No similar lists have been made for cultures. The sources of cultural endangerment are similar to those for language endangerment, but their social impact is different. A major source of endangerment in the early twenty-first century is computers and the internet. Several organizations have addressed cultural endangerment using arguments based on human rights, eschewing anthropological insight. The Royal Anthropological Institute and the Firebird Foundation for Anthropological Research are the only organizations focused on recording the oral archives of endangered cultures.