Fatherhood has been considered implicitly everywhere and, until recently, explicitly almost nowhere in anthropology. Early anthropologists were concerned with kinship and social organization and the significance of both biological and social fathers in establishing and maintaining these patterns. Mid-twentieth-century studies on parenting assumed the importance of fathers and noted the variation in their roles and obligations. From the 1960s onward, popular and academic discourse commented on absent fathers and fatherhood in crisis. Until the 1990s and 2000s, scant attention had been given to men's roles, activities, and experiences as fathers and the importance and meaning of fatherhood in men's lives. Since then, a movement grounded in feminist scholarship has sought to study gender more inclusively and make visible the connections between fatherhood and masculinity, such as notions of the economic provider that appear under pressure currently. Changing expectations of men and fathers are a focus today.