Volume 20, Issue 4 pp. 265-269
Original article

Inadequate benzodiazepine dosing may result in progression to refractory and non-convulsive status epilepticus

Shishir Keekana Rao

Shishir Keekana Rao

Department of Neurology, Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI USA

These authors contributed equally

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Advait Mahulikar

Advait Mahulikar

Department of Neurology, Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI USA

These authors contributed equally

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Mohammad Ibrahim

Mohammad Ibrahim

Department of Neurology, Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI USA

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Aashit Shah

Aashit Shah

Department of Neurology, Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI USA

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Navid Seraji-Bozorgzad

Navid Seraji-Bozorgzad

Department of Neurology, Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI USA

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Wazim Mohamed

Corresponding Author

Wazim Mohamed

Department of Neurology, Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI USA

Correspondence: Wazim Mohamed Department of Neurology, Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center, University Health Center, Suite 8D, 4201 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA <[email protected]>Search for more papers by this author
First published: 29 August 2018
Citations: 22

ABSTRACT

Aims. Status epilepticus (SE) is defined as ongoing seizures lasting longer than five minutes or multiple seizures without recovery. Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are first-line agents for the management of SE. Our objective was to evaluate BZD dosing in SE patients and its effects on clinical/electrographic outcomes.

Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted from a prospective database of SE patients admitted to a university-based neurocritical care unit. The initial presentation and progression to refractory SE (RSE) and non-convulsive SE (NCSE) with coma was evaluated. Outcome measures included length of stay (LOS), rates of intubation, ventilator-dependent days, and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). The lorazepam equivalent (LE) dosage of BZDs administered was calculated and we analysed variations in progression if 4 mg or more of LE (adequate BZDs) was administered.

Results. Among 100 patients, the median dose of LE was 3 mg (IQR: 2–5 mg). Only 31% of patients received adequate BZDs. Only 18.9% of patients with NCSE without coma received adequate BZDs (p=0.04). Among patients progressing to RSE, 75.4% had not received adequate BZDs (p=0.04) and among patients developing NCSE with coma, 80.6% did not receive adequate BZDs (p=0.07). Escalating doses of BZDs were associated with a decrease in cumulative incidences of RSE (correlation coefficient r=-0.6; p=0.04) and NCSE with coma (correlation coefficient r=-0.7; p=0.003). Outcome measures were not influenced by BZD dosing.

Conclusion. The majority of our patients were not adequately dosed with BZDs. Inadequate BZD dosing progressed to RSE and had a tendency to lead to NCSE with coma. Our study demonstrates the need to develop a hospital-wide protocol to guide first responders in the management of SE.

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