Volume 2025, Issue 1 8562391
Research Article
Open Access

Synthesis of 2-Halo-3-Formylindoles via Vilsmeier–Haack Haloformylation Reaction of Oxindole

Peng Zhao

Peng Zhao

Department of Pharmacology , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , 637100 , Sichuan, China , nsmc.edu.cn

Institute of Materia Medica of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan, China

Search for more papers by this author
Mingyu Jiang

Mingyu Jiang

Department of Pharmacology , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , 637100 , Sichuan, China , nsmc.edu.cn

Institute of Materia Medica of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan, China

Search for more papers by this author
Jiahui Li

Jiahui Li

Department of Pharmacology , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , 637100 , Sichuan, China , nsmc.edu.cn

Institute of Materia Medica of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan, China

Search for more papers by this author
Juan Feng

Juan Feng

Teaching Affairs Department , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu , 637001 , Sichuan, China , swpu.edu.cn

Search for more papers by this author
Shiyi Tang

Shiyi Tang

Department of Pharmacology , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , 637100 , Sichuan, China , nsmc.edu.cn

Institute of Materia Medica of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan, China

Search for more papers by this author
Pengluo Wei

Pengluo Wei

Clinical Medical College , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan, China , nsmc.edu.cn

Search for more papers by this author
Hua Zhang

Corresponding Author

Hua Zhang

Department of Pharmacology , North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , 637100 , Sichuan, China , nsmc.edu.cn

Institute of Materia Medica of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , Sichuan, China

Search for more papers by this author
First published: 20 June 2025
Academic Editor: Tulika Banerjee

Abstract

A series of 2-halo-3-formylindole molecules were synthesized via Vilsmeier–Haack haloformylation reaction of N-Boc-oxindole with POCl3 or POBr3 and DMF, which are free from the use of catalyst and solvent. Moreover, through several simple postprocessing steps, corresponding adducts can be readily transformed to Tenidap analog intermediate. The feasibility of gram-scale experiments proved that the methodology has the potential to be scaled. In addition, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on control experiments.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Data Availability Statement

The data supporting this article have been included as part of the Supporting Information.

The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties.