Split Daily Oral Iron Dosing Enhances Correction of Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Rats
Mohamed M. El-Kady
Department of Medical Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Nermeen Bastawy
Department of Medical Physiology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorMohamed Amin
Department of Medical Physiology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorSoha Elmorsy
Department of Medical Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorOlfat Shaker
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorAbeer Mostafa
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorEman Hassan Nadwa
Department of Medical Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , College of Medicine , Jouf University , Sakaka , Saudi Arabia , ju.edu.sa
Search for more papers by this authorMarwa Abdel-Rahman
Department of Medical Physiology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorMohamed M. El-Kady
Department of Medical Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Nermeen Bastawy
Department of Medical Physiology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorMohamed Amin
Department of Medical Physiology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorSoha Elmorsy
Department of Medical Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorOlfat Shaker
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorAbeer Mostafa
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorEman Hassan Nadwa
Department of Medical Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , College of Medicine , Jouf University , Sakaka , Saudi Arabia , ju.edu.sa
Search for more papers by this authorMarwa Abdel-Rahman
Department of Medical Physiology , Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt , cu.edu.eg
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia worldwide. Single oral iron daily supplementation is usually unsatisfactory. We hypothesize dividing the oral iron dose may improve the anemic parameters. To test this hypothesis, forty male Wistar rats were evenly assigned to the following groups (n = 8): Control nonanemic or anemic groups. Anemia was induced by repeated phlebotomy from the orbital plexus under anesthesia for 4 weeks. The anemic rats either received no treatment (IDA group) or received a total oral iron supplementation (7.1 mg/kg/day) for 1 week. Iron was administered in different treatment regimens: single dose per day (IDA-Fe-sid group), twice per day (IDA-Fe-bid group), or thrice per day (IDA-Fe-tid group). The hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit values, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and serum levels of iron, ferritin, and hepcidin were measured to assess the anemia. The results showed that administration of iron in divided doses for 1 week exerted significant restorative effects on the measured anemia parameters, unlike the single daily regimen. In conclusion: oral iron supplementation in divided doses increased the oral iron bioavailability; therefore, it may be more efficient in improving the anemia parameters than a single dose in short-term treatment of IDA. In clinical practice, dividing the total large iron dose into multiple smaller doses may correct IDA more quickly, especially in patients who cannot tolerate a single large dose.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| anem9976840-sup-0001-f1.jpgJPEG image, 147.3 KB | Supporting Information 1 Supporting figure graphic abstract: Schematic representation of the study design illustrating the four anemic groups subjected to biweekly phlebotomy over 4 weeks to induce iron deficiency anemia: nontreated iron-deficient group (IDA) and three treatment groups receiving daily oral iron once (IDA-Fe-sid), twice (IDA-Fe-bid), or three times (IDA-Fe-tid). At the end of the study, blood samples were collected for the assessment of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), serum ferritin, and hepcidin levels. |
| anem9976840-sup-0002-f2.pdfPDF document, 60.3 KB | Supporting Information 2 Supporting table: Raw data of the anemia parameters: hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), serum ferritin, and hepcidin levels. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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