Analyzing Cardiovascular Disease Research in the Arab Region: A Bibliometric Review From 2012 to 2022
Amjad Bani Hani
General Surgery Department , School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Alaa Tarazi
School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorYazan Hamadneh
School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorAhmad Al-Samahan
School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorRami Awad
School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorMohammad Kan’an
School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorMohammad Al-Kasaji
School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorNidal A. Younes
General Surgery Department , School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorAmjad Bani Hani
General Surgery Department , School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Alaa Tarazi
School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorYazan Hamadneh
School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorAhmad Al-Samahan
School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorRami Awad
School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorMohammad Kan’an
School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorMohammad Al-Kasaji
School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorNidal A. Younes
General Surgery Department , School of Medicine , The University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan , ju.edu.jo
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries, many of which are in the Arab region. We aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis to assess the scientific output concerning CVDs in the Arab region and the Middle East over the past decade.
Methods: A bibliometric search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus between 2012 and 2022. The study analyzed the number of publications, countries, institutional sources, authors, journals, and keywords. Visualization analysis was executed using various software tools, including R, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace.
Results: PubMed and Scopus yielded 5340 documents related to CVDs at the time of data collection. A total of 1263 documents were retrieved after screening based on specific inclusion criteria that guarantee the inclusion only for Arab region studies and authors. There has been a consistent increase in annual publications in recent years. The countries that contributed the most to research in this field were Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. Although Egypt stood out as the most productive country, the institute with the highest number of documents was in Qatar. In addition, the Top 3 authors hailed from Qatar. Saudi Medical Journal leads the field as the most productive journal, followed closely by PLoS One and Angiology. Research topics of significant interest in the realm of CVDs include specific diseases such as heart failure, risk factors related to CVDs, genetic aspects of CVDs, and congenital disorders in infant’s cardiac health.
Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of CVD research in the Arab region. It includes research hotspots that can guide authors in determining the necessary future investigations within this field. There is a clear call for further exploration of various aspects of CVDs in the Arab world. Strengthening cooperation between countries and institutes is needed.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
Filename | Description |
---|---|
ijvm5915132-sup-0001-f1.docxWord 2007 document , 14.3 KB | Supporting Information Additional supporting information can be found online in the Supporting Information section. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
References
- 1 Hitti P. K., The Arabs: A Short History, 1996, Regnery Pub. ; Distributed to the trade by National Book Network, Washington, D.C., Lanham, MD.
- 2
Barnett M. and
Solingen E., A. I. Johnston and A. Acharya, Designed to fail or failure of design? The origins and legacy of the Arab League, Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective, 2001, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 180–220.
10.1017/CBO9780511491436.006 Google Scholar
- 3 United nations of USA, World population prospects: the 2022 revision, 2022, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations.
- 4 Roth G. A., Mensah G. A., and Fuster V., The global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risks, Journal of the American College of Cardiology. (2020) 76, no. 25, 2980–2981, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.021.
- 5 Vaduganathan M., Mensah G. A., Turco J. V., Fuster V., and Roth G. A., The global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk, Journal of the American College of Cardiology. (2022) 80, no. 25, 2361–2371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.11.005.
- 6 Roth G. A., Mensah G. A., Johnson C. O., Addolorato G., Ammirati E., Baddour L. M., Barengo N. C., Beaton A. Z., Benjamin E. J., Benziger C. P., Bonny A., Brauer M., Brodmann M., Cahill T. J., Carapetis J., Catapano A. L., Chugh S. S., Cooper L. T., Coresh J., Criqui M., DeCleene N., Eagle K. A., Emmons-Bell S., Feigin V. L., Fernández-Solà J., Fowkes G., Gakidou E., Grundy S. M., He F. J., Howard G., Hu F., Inker L., Karthikeyan G., Kassebaum N., Koroshetz W., Lavie C., Lloyd-Jones D., Lu H. S., Mirijello A., Temesgen A. M., Mokdad A., Moran A. E., Muntner P., Narula J., Neal B., Ntsekhe M., Moraes de Oliveira G., Otto C., Owolabi M., Pratt M., Rajagopalan S., Reitsma M., Ribeiro A. L. P., Rigotti N., Rodgers A., Sable C., Shakil S., Sliwa-Hahnle K., Stark B., Sundström J., Timpel P., Tleyjeh I. M., Valgimigli M., Vos T., Whelton P. K., Yacoub M., Zuhlke L., Murray C., Fuster V., Roth G. A., Mensah G. A., Johnson C. O., Addolorato G., Ammirati E., Baddour L. M., Barengo N. C., Beaton A., Benjamin E. J., Benziger C. P., Bonny A., Brauer M., Brodmann M., Cahill T. J., Carapetis J. R., Catapano A. L., Chugh S., Cooper L. T., Coresh J., Criqui M. H., DeCleene N. K., Eagle K. A., Emmons-Bell S., Feigin V. L., Fernández-Sola J., Fowkes F. G. R., Gakidou E., Grundy S. M., He F. J., Howard G., Hu F., Inker L., Karthikeyan G., Kassebaum N. J., Koroshetz W. J., Lavie C., Lloyd-Jones D., Lu H. S., Mirijello A., Misganaw A. T., Mokdad A. H., Moran A. E., Muntner P., Narula J., Neal B., Ntsekhe M., Oliveira G. M. M., Otto C. M., Owolabi M. O., Pratt M., Rajagopalan S., Reitsma M. B., Ribeiro A. L. P., Rigotti N. A., Rodgers A., Sable C. A., Shakil S. S., Sliwa K., Stark B. A., Sundström J., Timpel P., Tleyjeh I. I., Valgimigli M., Vos T., Whelton P. K., Yacoub M., Zuhlke L. J., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abdi A., Abedi A., Aboyans V., Abrha W. A., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A. I., Acharya D., Adair T., Adebayo O. M., Ademi Z., Advani S. M., Afshari K., Afshin A., Agarwal G., Agasthi P., Ahmad S., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M. B., Aji B., Akalu Y., Akande-Sholabi W., Aklilu A., Akunna C. J., Alahdab F., al-Eyadhy A., Alhabib K. F., Alif S. M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Alla F., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almustanyir S., al-Raddadi R. M., Amegah A. K., Amini S., Aminorroaya A., Amu H., Amugsi D. A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei T., Andrei C. L., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z. A., Antonazzo I. C., Antony B., Anwer R., Appiah L. T., Arabloo J., Ärnlöv J., Artanti K. D., Ataro Z., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Awan A. T., Awoke M. A., Ayele H. T., Ayza M. A., Azari S., B D. B., Baheiraei N., Baig A. A., Bakhtiari A., Banach M., Banik P. C., Baptista E. A., Barboza M. A., Barua L., Basu S., Bedi N., Béjot Y., Bennett D. A., Bensenor I. M., Berman A. E., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birhanu M. M., Boloor A., Brant L. C., Brenner H., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Caetano dos Santos F. L., Cahill L. E., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Cámera L. A., Campos-Nonato I. R., Cantu-Brito C., Car J., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castañeda-Orjuela C. A., Catalá-López F., Cerin E., Charan J., Chattu V. K., Chen S., Chin K. L., Choi J. Y. J., Chu D. T., Chung S. C., Cirillo M., Coffey S., Conti S., Costa V. M., Cundiff D. K., Dadras O., Dagnew B., Dai X., Damasceno A. A. M., Dandona L., Dandona R., Davletov K., de la Cruz-Góngora V., de la Hoz F. P., de Neve J. W., Denova-Gutiérrez E., Derbew Molla M., Derseh B. T., Desai R., Deuschl G., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M., Dhungana R. R., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Dokova K., Douiri A., Duncan B. B., Duraes A. R., Eagan A. W., Ebtehaj S., Eftekhari A., Eftekharzadeh S., Ekholuenetale M., el Nahas N., Elgendy I. Y., Elhadi M., el-Jaafary S. I., Esteghamati S., Etisso A. E., Eyawo O., Fadhil I., Faraon E. J. A., Faris P. S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fernandes E., Fernandez Prendes C., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Flood D., Fukumoto T., Gad M. M., Gaidhane S., Ganji M., Garg J., Gebre A. K., Gebregiorgis B. G., Gebregzabiher K. Z., Gebremeskel G. G., Getacher L., Obsa A. G., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Giampaoli S., Gilani S. A., Gill P. S., Gillum R. F., Glushkova E. V., Gnedovskaya E. V., Golechha M., Gonfa K. B., Goudarzian A. H., Goulart A. C., Guadamuz J. S., Guha A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hachinski V., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile T. G., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Hankey G. J., Hargono A., Hartono R. K., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassen H. Y., Havmoeller R. J., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Herteliu C., Holla R., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Huang J., Humayun A., Iavicoli I., Ibeneme C. U., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Islam R. M., Iso H., Iwagami M., Jain V., Javaheri T., Jayapal S. K., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jeemon P., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Jonnagaddala J., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Jürisson M., Kabir A., Kahlon T., Kalani R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamel I., Kandel H., Kandel A., Karch A., Kasa A. S., Katoto P. D. M. C., Kayode G. A., Khader Y. S., Khammarnia M., Khan M. S., Khan M. N., Khan M., Khan E. A., Khatab K., Kibria G. M. A., Kim Y. J., Kim G. R., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kivimäki M., Kolte D., Koolivand A., Korshunov V. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kulkarni V., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kusuma D., Kwan G. F., la Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lallukka T., Lan Q., Lasrado S., Lassi Z. S., Lauriola P., Lawrence W. R., Laxmaiah A., LeGrand K. E., Li M. C., Li B., Li S., Lim S. S., Lim L. L., Lin H., Lin Z., Lin R. T., Liu X., Lopez A. D., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P. A., Lugo A., M N. K., Madotto F., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Mamun A. A., Manafi N., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Martini S., Mathur M. R., Mazzaglia G., Mehata S., Mehndiratta M. M., Meier T., Menezes R. G., Meretoja A., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D. K., Mohammed S., Mohammed M. A., Mokhayeri Y., Molokhia M., Montasir A. A., Moradi G., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morawska L., Moreno Velásquez I., Morze J., Mubarik S., Muruet W., Musa K. I., Nagarajan A. J., Nalini M., Nangia V., Naqvi A. A., Narasimha Swamy S., Nascimento B. R., Nayak V. C., Nazari J., Nazarzadeh M., Negoi R. I., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen H. L. T., Nixon M. R., Norrving B., Noubiap J. J., Nouthe B. E., Nowak C., Odukoya O. O., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Orru H., Ortiz A., Ostroff S. M., Padubidri J. R., Palladino R., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Parekh U., Park E. C., Parvizi M., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel U. K., Pathak M., Paudel R., Pepito V. C. F., Perianayagam A., Perico N., Pham H. Q., Pilgrim T., Piradov M. A., Pishgar F., Podder V., Polibin R. V., Pourshams A., Pribadi D. R. A., Rabiee N., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Ur Rahman M. H., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rakovac I., Ram P., Ramalingam S., Rana J., Ranasinghe P., Rao S. J., Rathi P., Rawal L., Rawasia W. F., Rawassizadeh R., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezapour A., Riahi S. M., Roberts-Thomson R. L., Roever L., Rohloff P., Romoli M., Roshandel G., Rwegerera G. M., Saadatagah S., Saber-Ayad M. M., Sabour S., Sacco S., Sadeghi M., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Safari S., Sahebkar A., Salehi S., Salimzadeh H., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Santos I. S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarrafzadegan N., Sarveazad A., Sathish T., Sawhney M., Saylan M., Schmidt M. I., Schutte A. E., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Sha F., Shahabi S., Shahid I., Shaikh M. A., Shamali M., Shamsizadeh M., Shawon M. S. R., Sheikh A., Shigematsu M., Shin M. J., Shin J. I., Shiri R., Shiue I., Shuval K., Siabani S., Siddiqi T. J., Silva D. A. S., Singh J. A., Mtech A. S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Soheili A., Spurlock E. E., Stockfelt L., Stortecky S., Stranges S., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Tadbiri H., Tadesse E. G., Tadesse D. B., Tajdini M., Tariqujjaman M., Teklehaimanot B. F., Temsah M. H., Tesema A. K., Thakur B., Thankappan K. R., Thapar R., Thrift A. G., Timalsina B., Tonelli M., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tripathi A., Tripathy J. P., Truelsen T. C., Tsegay G. M., Tsegaye G. W., Tsilimparis N., Tusa B. S., Tyrovolas S., Umapathi K. K., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Usman M. S., Vaduganathan M., Valdez P. R., Vasankari T. J., Velazquez D. Z., Venketasubramanian N., Vu G. T., Vujcic I. S., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang F., Wei J., Weintraub R. G., Weldemariam A. H., Westerman R., Winkler A. S., Wiysonge C. S., Wolfe C. D. A., Wubishet B. L., Xu G., Yadollahpour A., Yamagishi K., Yan L. L., Yandrapalli S., Yano Y., Yatsuya H., Yeheyis T. Y., Yeshaw Y., Yilgwan C. S., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zachariah G., Zaman S. B., Zaman M. S., Zamanian M., Zand R., Zandifar A., Zarghi A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Z. J., Zhang Y., Zhang W., Zhong C., Zou Z., Zuniga Y. M. H., Murray C. J. L., and Fuster V., Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019, Journal of the American College of Cardiology. (2020) 76, no. 25, 2982–3021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010, 33309175.
- 7 Bhagavathula A. S., Shehab A., Ullah A., and Rahmani J., The burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on primary prevention, Current Vascular Pharmacology. (2021) 19, no. 4, 379–389, https://doi.org/10.2174/1573406416666200611104143.
- 8 Khattab A., Javaid A., Iraqi G., Alzaabi A., Ben Kheder A., Koniski M. L., Shahrour N., Taright S., Idrees M., Polatli M., Rashid N., el Hasnaoui A., and BREATHE Study Group, Smoking habits in the Middle East and North Africa: results of the BREATHE study, Respiratory Medicine. (2012) 106, S16–S24, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-6111(12)70011-2, 2-s2.0-84872042262, 23290700.
- 9 Okati-Aliabad H., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Kargar S., and Jabbari N., Prevalence of obesity and overweight among adults in the Middle East countries from 2000 to 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Journal of Obesity. (2022) 2022, no. 1, 8074837, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8074837, 35154826.
- 10
Osipov S.,
Chowdhury S.,
Crowley J. N.,
Tadic I.,
Drewnick F.,
Borrmann S.,
Eger P.,
Fachinger F.,
Fischer H.,
Predybaylo E.,
Fnais M.,
Harder H.,
Pikridas M.,
Vouterakos P.,
Pozzer A.,
Sciare J.,
Ukhov A.,
Stenchikov G. L.,
Williams J., and
Lelieveld J., Severe atmospheric pollution in the Middle East is attributable to anthropogenic sources, Communications Earth & Environment. (2022) 3, no. 1, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00514-6.
10.1038/s43247-022-00514-6 Google Scholar
- 11 Lee B. J., Kim B., and Lee K., Air pollution exposure and cardiovascular disease, Toxicology Research. (2014) 30, no. 2, 71–75, https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2014.30.2.071, 2-s2.0-84910600764, 25071915.
- 12 Martínez-García M., Gutiérrez-Esparza G. O., Roblero-Godinez J. C., Marín-Pérez D. V., Montes-Ruiz C. L., Vallejo M., and Hernández-Lemus E., Cardiovascular risk factors and social development index, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. (2021) 8, article 631747, https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.631747, 33708806.
- 13 Hammoudeh A. J., Alhaddad I. A., Khader Y., Tabbalat R., al-Mousa E., Saleh A., Jarrah M., Nammas A., and Izraiq M., Cardiovascular risk factors in Middle Eastern patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: results from the first Jordanian percutaneous coronary intervention study, Journal of the Saudi Heart Association. (2017) 29, no. 3, 195–202, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsha.2016.10.002, 2-s2.0-85006314846, 28652673.
- 14 Bruijns S. and Lamanna C., The case for a regional approach to publication impact, Ecancermedicalscience. (2018) 12, https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2018.ed78.
- 15 Nicolaisen J., Bibliometrics and citation analysis: from the science citation index to cybermetrics, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. (2010) 61, no. 1, 205–207, https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21181.
- 16
Berger J. M. and
Baker C. M., Bibliometrics: an overview, RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. (2014) 4, no. 3, 81–92, https://doi.org/10.5530/rjps.2014.3.2.
10.5530/rjps.2014.3.2 Google Scholar
- 17 Ellegaard O. and Wallin J. A., The bibliometric analysis of scholarly production: how great is the impact?, Scientometrics. (2015) 105, no. 3, 1809–1831, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1645-z, 2-s2.0-84947126384, 26594073.
- 18 Al-Kindi S., Al-Juhaishi T., Haddad F., Taheri S., and Abi K. C., Cardiovascular disease research activity in the Middle East: a bibliometric analysis, Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease. (2015) 9, no. 3, 70–76, https://doi.org/10.1177/1753944715578585, 2-s2.0-84930334231, 25801472.
- 19
Khachfe H. and
Refaat M., Bibliometric analysis of cardiovascular disease research activity in the Arab world, International Cardiovascular Forum Journal. (2019) 15, 25–28, https://doi.org/10.17987/icfj.v15i0.554.
10.17987/icfj.v15i0.554 Google Scholar
- 20 World Bank, GDP (current US$) [Data set], https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD.
- 21 World Bank, Population, total, September 2024, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.
- 22 World Bank, Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), September 2024, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS.
- 23
Su X.,
Li X., and
Kang Y., A bibliometric analysis of research on intangible cultural heritage using CiteSpace, SAGE Open. (2019) 9, no. 2, article 215824401984011, https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019840119, 2-s2.0-85063995765.
10.1177/2158244019840119 Google Scholar
- 24 van Eck N. J. and Waltman L., Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping, Scientometrics. (2010) 84, no. 2, 523–538, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3, 2-s2.0-77953711904, 20585380.
- 25 Kirby A., Exploratory bibliometrics: using VOSviewer as a preliminary research tool, Publications. (2023) 11, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.3390/publications11010010.
- 26 R Core Team, R: a language and environment for statistical computing, 2022, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
- 27 Fantini D., easyPubMed: search and retrieve scientific publication records from PubMed_. R package version 2.13, 2019, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=easyPubMed.
- 28 Wickham H., stringr: modern, consistent string processing, The R Journal. (2010) 2, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2010-012.
- 29 Hirsch J. E., An index to quantify an individual′s scientific research output, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (2005) 102, no. 46, 16569–16572, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507655102, 2-s2.0-28044445101.
- 30 Xie Y., Xu E., Bowe B., and Al-Aly Z., Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19, Nature Medicine. (2022) 28, no. 3, 583–590, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01689-3, 35132265.
- 31 Benamer H. T. and Bakoush O., Arab nations lagging behind other Middle Eastern countries in biomedical research: a comparative study, BMC Medical Research Methodology. (2009) 9, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-9-26, 2-s2.0-65449190118.
- 32
Hijazi S.,
Sowter B., and
Nag H., Higher education in MENA through global lenses: lessons learned from international rankings, Handbook of Research on Higher Education in the MENA Region: Policy and Practice, 2014, IGI Global, 31–51, https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6198-1.ch003, 2-s2.0-84949815915.
10.4018/978-1-4666-6198-1.ch003 Google Scholar
- 33 Shallal A., Lahoud C., Zervos M., and Matar M., Lebanon is losing its front line, Journal of Global Health. (2021) 11, article 03052, https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.11.03052, 33828836.
- 34 Hasan M., Effects of civil conflicts on development: a literature review, Rochester, NY; 2022, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4011324.
- 35
Cammett M.,
Diwan I., and
Vartanova I., Insecurity and political values in the Arab world, Democratization. (2020) 27, no. 5, 699–716, https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2020.1723081.
10.1080/13510347.2020.1723081 Google Scholar
- 36 Harper L., Kalfa N., Beckers G. M. A., Kaefer M., Nieuwhof-Leppink A. J., Fossum M., Herbst K. W., Bagli D., and ESPU Research Committee, The impact of COVID-19 on research, Journal of Pediatric Urology. (2020) 16, no. 5, 715–716, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.07.002, 32713792.
- 37 Katoue M. G., Cerda A. A., García L. Y., and Jakovljevic M., Healthcare system development in the Middle East and North Africa region: challenges, endeavors and prospective opportunities, Frontiers in Public Health. (2022) 10, article 1045739, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1045739, 36620278.
- 38 El Masri J., El Hage S., Akoum A., Awaida I., Kourani F., Chanbour H., and Salameh P., Contribution of Arab countries to Behçet disease research: a PubMed-based bibliometric and altmetric analysis, Rheumatology International. (2022) 42, no. 1, 133–140, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-021-04990-5, 34499194.
- 39 Al-Marzouqi A. H. and Arabi A. A., Research performance of the GCC countries: a comparative analysis of quantity and quality, Heliyon. (2022) 8, no. 11, article e11309, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11309, 36353177.
- 40 Hillhouse E., Kuwari H. A., and Sheikh J., Establishment of a model academic health system in Qatar, The Lancet. (2012) 379, no. 9817, 694–695, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61026-X, 2-s2.0-84857649979.
- 41 Hassan Al Marzouqi A. H., Alameddine M., Sharif A., and Alsheikh-Ali A. A., Research productivity in the United Arab Emirates: a 20-year bibliometric analysis, Heliyon. (2019) 5, no. 12, article e02819, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02819, 31872101.
- 42 El Rassi R., Meho L. I., Nahlawi A., Salameh J. S., Bazarbachi A., and Akl E. A., Medical research productivity in the Arab countries: 2007-2016 bibliometric analysis, Journal of Global Health. (2018) 8, no. 2, article 020411, https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.08.020411, 2-s2.0-85056266179, 30410737.
- 43 Elasfar A. A., Alhabeeb W., and Elasfar S., Heart failure in the Middle East Arab countries: current and future perspectives, Journal of the Saudi Heart Association. (2020) 32, no. 2, 236–241, https://doi.org/10.37616/2212-5043.1040, 33154923.
- 44 Tomasoni D., Inciardi R. M., Lombardi C. M., Tedino C., Agostoni P., Ameri P., Barbieri L., Bellasi A., Camporotondo R., Canale C., Carubelli V., Carugo S., Catagnano F., Dalla Vecchia L. A., Danzi G. B., di Pasquale M., Gaudenzi M., Giovinazzo S., Gnecchi M., Iorio A., la Rovere M. T., Leonardi S., Maccagni G., Mapelli M., Margonato D., Merlo M., Monzo L., Mortara A., Nuzzi V., Piepoli M., Porto I., Pozzi A., Sarullo F., Sinagra G., Volterrani M., Zaccone G., Guazzi M., Senni M., and Metra M., Impact of heart failure on the clinical course and outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Results of the Cardio-COVID-Italy multicentre study, European Journal of Heart Failure. (2020) 22, no. 12, 2238–2247, https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2052.
- 45 Manla Y. and Almahmeed W., The pandemic of coronary heart disease in the Middle East and North Africa: what clinicians need to know, Current Atherosclerosis Reports. (2023) 25, no. 9, 543–557, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-023-01126-x, 37615785.
- 46 Verma S., Alamuddin N., Alawadi F., Alkandari H., Almahmeed W., Assaad-Khalil S. H., Haddad J., Husemoen L. L. N., Lombard L., Malik R. A., Mashaki Ceyhan E., Sabbour H., Tombak G., Yadav G., and Salek S., Prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk in the Middle East and Africa: primary results of the PACT-MEA study, Circulation. (2023) 147, no. 16, 1251–1255, https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064345.
- 47 Hamamy H., Antonarakis S. E., Cavalli-Sforza L. L., Temtamy S., Romeo G., ten Kate L. P., Bennett R. L., Shaw A., Megarbane A., van Duijn C., Bathija H., Fokstuen S., Engel E., Zlotogora J., Dermitzakis E., Bottani A., Dahoun S., Morris M. A., Arsenault S., Aglan M. S., Ajaz M., Alkalamchi A., Alnaqeb D., Alwasiyah M. K., Anwer N., Awwad R., Bonnefin M., Peter Corry M. D., Gwanmesia L., Karbani G. A., Mostafavi M., Pippucci T., Ranza-Boscardin E., Reversade B., Sharif S. M., Teeuw M. E., and Bittles A. H., Consanguineous marriages, pearls and perils: Geneva International Consanguinity Workshop report, Genetics in Medicine. (2011) 13, no. 9, 841–847, https://doi.org/10.1097/GIM.0b013e318217477f, 2-s2.0-80052606841, 21555946.
- 48 El Goundali K., Chebabe M., Zahra Laamiri F., and Hilali A., The determinants of consanguineous marriages among the Arab population: a systematic review, Iranian Journal of Public Health. (2022) 51, no. 2, 253–265, https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i2.8679, 35866117.
- 49 Emteres K. and Sharawy S., Assessment of quality of life in congenital heart disease among Egyptian and Libyan children, Zagazig University Medical Journal. (2021) 27, no. 5, 782–790.
- 50
Shawky R. M.,
El-Awady M. Y.,
Elsayed S. M., and
Hamadan G. E., Consanguineous matings among Egyptian population, Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. (2011) 12, no. 2, 157–163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmhg.2011.07.001, 2-s2.0-84863314407.
10.1016/j.ejmhg.2011.07.001 Google Scholar
- 51 Al-Fahham M. M. and Ali Y. A., Pattern of congenital heart disease among Egyptian children: a 3-year retrospective study, The Egyptian Heart Journal. (2021) 73, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43044-021-00133-0, 33512632.