Volume 2020, Issue 1 4104712

Research Article

Open Access

The Beneficial Effects of Conventional Visual Cues Are Retained When Augmented Reality Glasses Are Worn

Corresponding Author

Sabine Janssen

[email protected]

orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-3050

Biomedical Signals and Systems Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands utwente.nl

Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, Netherlands radboudumc.nl

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Jaap de Ruyter van Steveninck,

Jaap de Ruyter van Steveninck

Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands ru.nl

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Hizirwan S. Salim,

Hizirwan S. Salim

Biomedical Signals and Systems Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands utwente.nl

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Bastiaan R. Bloem,

Bastiaan R. Bloem

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Tjitske Heida,

Tjitske Heida

Biomedical Signals and Systems Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands utwente.nl

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Richard J.A. van Wezel,

Richard J.A. van Wezel

Biomedical Signals and Systems Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands utwente.nl

Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands ru.nl

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Sabine Janssen,

Corresponding Author

Sabine Janssen

[email protected]

orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-3050

Biomedical Signals and Systems Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands utwente.nl

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Jaap de Ruyter van Steveninck,

Jaap de Ruyter van Steveninck

Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands ru.nl

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Hizirwan S. Salim,

Hizirwan S. Salim

Biomedical Signals and Systems Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands utwente.nl

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Bastiaan R. Bloem,

Bastiaan R. Bloem

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Tjitske Heida,

Tjitske Heida

Biomedical Signals and Systems Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands utwente.nl

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Richard J.A. van Wezel,

Richard J.A. van Wezel

Biomedical Signals and Systems Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands utwente.nl

Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands ru.nl

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First published: 07 April 2020

https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4104712

Citations: 5

Academic Editor: Jan Aasly

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Abstract

Wearing smart glasses may be distracting and thus annihilate the beneficial effects of cues on freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease. Furthermore, augmented reality cues might be effective in reducing FOG specifically in cueing-responsive patients. We present a single-patient study in which a patient with Parkinson’s disease traversed a doorway under different cueing conditions. Wearing augmented reality (AR) glasses did not deteriorate FOG nor affect the beneficial effects of cues. The AR visual cues did not improve FOG. This single-patient study implies that the current design of AR glasses does not stand in the way of the development of augmented reality visual cues. However, the effectivity of augmented reality visual cues remains to be proven.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Open Research

Data Availability

All relevant data are available through the supplementary materials.

Supporting Information

Filename

Description

padi4104712-sup-0001-f1.zipapplication/x-compressed, 120.9 MB

Supplementary Materials Legend supplementary video 1. First-person view of the augmented reality three-dimensional transverse bars displayed through the augmented reality glasses. The wearer first moves the head up, looking ahead of the walking track (00 : 00–00 : 03 sec), and then back to just ahead of the feet (00 : 03–00 : 07 sec). Next, the wearer walks forward along the walking track, thereby crossing the augmented reality bars (00 : 07–00 : 19 sec), performs a half turn, and walks back across the same path (00 : 23–00 : 30 sec). Of note: the floor in this demo is different from the floor in the patient measurement. In the patient measurement, there was a carpet with irregular small dots in the room, and a plain grey linoleum floor in the hallway. Legend supplementary video 2. Videos of trials in the experiment under the various conditions: ‘Control’ (no cues, no AR glasses) at 0 : 00–00 : 53 sec. ‘SG OFF’ (AR glasses worn and switched off) at 00 : 54–02 : 20 sec. ‘SG AR’ (AR bars displayed through AR glasses) at 02 : 21–05 : 36 sec. ‘Real bars’ (real transverse bars on the floor. no AR glasses worn) at 05 : 36–05 : 42 sec. ‘SG real bars’ (real transverse bars on the floor, AR glasses worn but switched off) at 05 : 42–05 : 48 sec. ‘Broom’ (stepping over a hand-held broom, no AR glasses worn) at 05 : 49–05 : 55 sec. ‘Box’ (kicking against a small box on the floor, no AR glasses worn) at 05 : 56–06 : 14 sec.

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

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