Does Low-Level Laser Therapy Enhance The Efficacy of Intravenous Regional Anesthesia?

BACKGROUND: The use of intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) is limited by pain resulting from the application of tourniquets and postoperative pain.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of low-level laser therapy added to IVRA for improving pain related to surgical fixation of distal radius fractures.

METHODS: The present double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial involved 48 patients who were undergoing surgical fixation of distal radius fractures. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n=24), who received 808 nm laser irradiation as 4 J/point for 20 s over ipsilateral three nerve roots in the cervical region corresponding to C5–C8 vertebrae, and 808 nm laser irradiation as 0.1 J/cm² for 5 min in a tangential scanning mode over the affected extremity; or a control group (n=24), who underwent the same protocol and timing of laser probe application with the laser switched off. Both groups received the same IVRA protocol using 2% lidocaine.

RESULTS: The mean visual analogue scale scores were significantly lower in the laser-assisted group than in the lidocaine-only group on all measurements during and after operation (P<0.05). The mean time to the first need for fentanyl administration during the operation was longer in the laser group (P=0.04). The total amount of fentanyl administered to patients was significantly lower in the laser-assisted group (P=0.003). The laser group needed significantly less pethidine for pain relief (P=0.001) and at a later time (P=0.002) compared with the lidocaine-only group. There was no difference between the groups in terms of mean arterial pressure and heart rate.

CONCLUSION: The addition of gallium-aluminum-arsenide laser irradiation to intravenous regional anesthesia is safe, and reduces pain during and after the operation.