The AC and DC Conductivity of Nanocomposites
This article is part of Special Issue:
David S. McLachlan,
Godfrey Sauti,
Corresponding Author
David S. McLachlan
Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa sun.ac.za
Materials Physics Research Institute, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa wits.ac.za
Search for more papers by this authorGodfrey Sauti
Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa sun.ac.za
National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA nianet.org
Search for more papers by this authorDavid S. McLachlan,
Godfrey Sauti,
Corresponding Author
David S. McLachlan
Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa sun.ac.za
Materials Physics Research Institute, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa wits.ac.za
Search for more papers by this authorGodfrey Sauti
Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa sun.ac.za
National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA nianet.org
Search for more papers by this authorAcademic Editor: Christian Brosseau
Abstract
The microstructures of binary (conductor-insulator) composites, containing nanoparticles, will usually have one of two basic structures. The first is the matrix structure where the nanoparticles (granules) are embedded in and always coated by the matrix material and there are no particle-particle contacts. The AC and DC conductivity of this microstructure is usually described by the Maxwell-Wagner/Hashin-Shtrikman or Bricklayer model. The second is a percolation structure, which can be thought to be made up by randomly packing the two types of granules (not necessarily the same size) together. In percolation systems, there exits a critical volume fraction below which the electrical properties are dominated by the insulating component and above which the conducting component dominates. Such percolation systems are best analyzed using the two-exponent phenomenological percolation equation (TEPPE). This paper discusses all of the above and addresses the problem of how to distinguish among the microstructures using electrical measurements.
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