Chapter 92

Antibody and Biomarker Testing in Rheumatoid Arthritis

First published: 27 January 2016

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune-mediated joint destruction. RA affects 1% of the global population with a predilection for females. The pathogenesis of RA has not been fully elucidated; however, it is thought to be due to an environmental trigger stimulating an immune response in a genetically susceptible host. The resultant inflammatory cascade mediates synovial proliferation and ultimately joint destruction. Disease expression is not limited to the joints. Extra-articular manifestations occur in the lungs, eyes, skin, and the cardiovascular system culminating in significant morbidity and premature mortality (1). Moreover, numerous studies show substantial irreversible joint damage occurs within the first 2 years of disease onset. Thus, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment is paramount in preventing morbidity and mortality (2).

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