Attitudes Toward Delegation to Presidential Commissions
David R. Miller
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew Reeves
Search for more papers by this authorDavid R. Miller
Search for more papers by this authorAndrew Reeves
Search for more papers by this authorAUTHORS' NOTE: The supplemental appendix to this article can be found at www.andrewreeves.org.
Abstract
We examine attitudes of the pubic toward delegation to presidential commissions. In four survey experiments across a range of contexts, we compare the public response to the creation of a commission to that of a direct presidential action. We find that there is no significant difference in the approval garnered for taking action alone or delegating the decision to a presidential commission. This is true whether this is at the policy formulation stage or implementation stage. Additionally, we do not find that policies formed by commissions are seen as any more effective than those policies formed by the president alone.
References
-
Achen, Christopher H., and
Larry M. Bartels. 2016. Democracy for Realists: Why Elections Do Not Produce Responsive Government. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
10.1515/9781400882731 Google Scholar
-
Aldrich, John H. [1995] 2011. Why Parties?: A Second Look. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
10.7208/chicago/9780226012759.001.0001 Google Scholar
- Berinsky, Adam J., Gregory A. Huber, and Gabriel S. Lenz. 2012. “Evaluating Online Labor Markets for Experimental Research: Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk.” Political Analysis 20: 351–68.
- Berinsky, Adam J., Michele F. Margolis, and Michael W. Sances. 2014. “Separating the Shirkers from the Workers? Making Sure Respondents Pay Attention on Self-Administered Surveys.” American Journal of Political Science 58: 739–53.
- Bond, Jon R., and Richard Fleisher. 1990. The President in the Legislative Arena. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Bosso, Christopher. 1989. “ Setting the Agenda: Mass Media and the Discovery of Famine in Ethiopia.” In Manipulating Public Opinion: Essays on Public Opinion as a Dependent Variable, eds. Michael Margolis and Gary A. Mauser Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, 153–74.
- Boswell, Christina. 2008. “The Political Functions of Expert Knowledge: Knowledge and Legitimation in European Union Immigration Policy.” Journal of European Public Policy 15: 471–88.
- Canes-Wrone, Brandice, and Scott De Marchi. 2002. “Presidential Approval and Legislative Success.” The Journal of Politics 64: 491–509.
- Canes-Wrone, Brandice, William G. Howell, and David E. Lewis. 2008. “Toward a Broader Understanding of Presidential Power: A Reevaluation of the Two Presidencies Thesis.” The Journal of Politics 70: 1–16.
- Carmines, Edward G., and James A. Stimson. 1980. “The Two Faces of Issue Voting.” American Political Science Review 74: 78–91.
- Carson, Jamie L., Gregory Koger, Matthew J. Lebo, and Everett Young. 2010. “The Electoral Costs of Party Loyalty in Congress.” American Journal of Political Science 54: 598–616.
- Christenson, Dino P., and Douglas L. Kriner. 2017. “Constitutional Qualms or Politics as Usual? The Factors Shaping Public Support for Unilateral Action.” American Journal of Political Science 61: 335–49.
- Cillizza, Chris. “Who Had the Worst Week in Washington? Erskine Bowles and Alan Simpson,” Washington Post, 18 February 2011, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/18/AR2011021802485.html (accessed May 26, 2017).
- Coffé, Hilde, and Ank Michels. 2014. “Education and Support for Representative, Direct and Stealth Democracy.” Electoral Studies 35(3): 1–11.
- Cohen, Jeffrey E. 1999. Presidential Responsiveness and Public Policy-Making: The Public and the Policies that Presidents Choose. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
- Cox, Gary W., and Matthew D. McCubbins. 2005. Setting the Agenda: Responsible Party Government in the US House of Representatives. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Delli Carpini, Michael X., and Scott Keeter. 1996. What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
-
Dickson, Eric. 2011. “Economics versus Psychology Experiments: Stylization, Incentives, and Deception.” In Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science, eds. James N. Druckman, Donald P. Green, James H. Kuklinski, and Arthur Lupia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 102–24.
10.1017/CBO9780511921452.005 Google Scholar
- Doherty, David. 2015. “How Policy and Procedure Shape Citizens' Evaluations of Senators.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 40: 241–72.
- Druckman, James N. 2001a. “On the Limits of Framing Effects: Who Can Frame?” The Journal of Politics 63: 1041–66.
- Druckman, James N. 2001b. “The Implications of Framing Effects for Citizen Competence.” Political Behavior 23: 225–56.
- Druckman, James N. 2001c. “Using Credible Evidence to Overcome Framing Effects.” Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization 17: 62–82.
- Druckman, James N., Donald P. Green, James H. Kuklinski, and Arthur Lupia. 2006. “The Growth and Development of Experimental Research in Political Science.” American Political Science Review 100: 627–35.
-
Druckman, James N.,
Donald P. Green,
James H. Kuklinski, and
Arthur Lupia. 2011. Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9780511921452 Google Scholar
-
Edwards, George C. III. 1990. At the Margins: Presidential Leadership of Congress. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
10.12987/9780300157307 Google Scholar
- Edwards, George C. III. 2003. On Deaf Ears: The Limits of the Bully Pulpit. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Edwards, George C., and B. Dan Wood. 1999. “Who Influences Whom? The President, Congress, and the Media.” American Political Science Review 93: 327–44.
- Fiorina, Morris P. 1981. Retrospective Voting in American Presidential Elections. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Flitner, David. 1986. The Politics of Presidential Commissions: A Public Policy Perspective. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Transnational Publishers.
- Font, Joan, Magdalena Wojcieszak, and Clemente J. Navarro. 2015. “Participation, Representation and Expertise: Citizen Preferences for Political Decision-Making Processes.” Political Studies 63: 153–72.
- Fox, Justin, and Stuart V. Jordan. 2011. “Delegation and Accountability.” The Journal of Politics 73: 831–44.
- Gaines, Brian, James H. Kuklinski, and Paul J. Quirk. 2007. “The Logic of the Survey Experiment Reexamined.” Political Analysis 15: 1–20.
- Gasper, John T., and Andrew Reeves. 2011. “Make It Rain? Retrospection and the Attentive Electorate in the Context of Natural Disasters.” American Journal of Political Science 55: 340–55.
- Gerber, Alan, Kevin Arceneaux, Cheryl Boudreau, Conor Dowling, Sunshine Hillygus, Thomas Palfrey et al. 2014. “Reporting Guidelines for Experimental Research: A Report from the Experimental Research Section Standards Committee.” Journal of Experimental Political Science 1: 81–98.
- Gerber, Alan, and Donald Green. 2012. Field Experiments: Design, Analysis, and Interpretation. New York: W. W. Norton.
- Graham, Hugh D. 1985. “The Ambiguous Legacy of American Presidential Commissions.” The Public Historian 7(2): 5–25.
- Groseclose, Tim, and Nolan McCarty. 2001. “The Politics of Blame: Bargaining Before an Audience.” American Journal of Political Science 45: 100–19.
- Harbridge, Laurel, and Neil Malhotra. 2011. “Electoral Incentives and Partisan Conflict in Congress: Evidence from Survey Experiments.” American Journal of Political Science 53: 494–510.
- Healy, Andrew J., Neil Malhotra, and Cecilia H. Mo. 2010. “Irrelevant Events Affect Voters' Evaluations of Government Performance.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107: 12804–09.
-
Hibbing, John R., and
Elisabeth Theiss-Morse. 2002. Stealth Democracy: Americans' Beliefs about How Government Should Work. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9780511613722 Google Scholar
- Hood, Christopher. 2011. The Blame Game: Spin, Bureaucracy, and Self-Preservation in Government. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
-
Howell, William G. 2003. Power Without Persuasian: The Politics of Direct Presidential Action. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
10.1515/9781400874392 Google Scholar
- Kane, John V. 2016. “Control, Accountability, and Constraints: Rethinking Perceptions of Presidential Responsibility for the Economy.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 46: 335–64.
- Kaplan, Fred. “Repairing America's Cybersecurity,” Slate, 17 February 2016, http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2016/02/president_obama_s_cybersecurity_plan_is_ambitious_but_flawed.html (accessed May 26, 2017).
- Kelleher, Christine A., and Jennifer Wolak. 2006. “Priming Presidential Approval: The Conditionality of Issue Effects.” Political Behavior 28: 193–210.
- Kernell, Samuel. 2006. Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
- Kertzer, Joshua D. 2013. “Making Sense of Isolationism: Foreign Policy Mood as a Multilevel Phenomenon.” The Journal of Politics 75: 225–40.
- Kitts, Kenneth. 2006. Presidential Commissions and National Security: The Politics of Damage Control. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- Kriner, Douglas L., and Andrew Reeves. 2012. “The Influence of Federal Spending on Presidential Elections.” American Political Science Review 106: 348–66.
- Kriner, Douglas L., and Andrew Reeves. 2014. “Responsive Partisanship: Public Support for the Clinton and Obama Health Care Plans.” Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law 39: 717–49.
-
Kriner, Douglas L., and
Andrew Reeves. 2015. The Particularistic President: Executive Branch Politics and Political Inequality. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9781139839341 Google Scholar
- Krosnick, Jon A., and Donald R. Kinder. 1990. “Altering the Foundations of Support for the President through Priming.” American Political Science Review 84: 497–512.
-
Lewis, David E. 2008. The Politics of Presidential Appointments: Political Control and Bureaucratic Performance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
10.1515/9781400837687 Google Scholar
- Lewis-Beck, Michael S., and Mary Stegmaier. 2000. “Economic Determinants of Electoral Outcomes.” Annual Review of Political Science 3: 183–219.
- Lowande, Kenneth, and Thomas Gray. 2017. “Public Perception of the Presidential Toolkit.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 47: 432–47.
- Marcy, Carl M. 1945. Presidential Commissions. New York: King's Crown Press.
- Meier, Kenneth J. 1994. The Politics of Sin: Drugs, Alcohol and Public Policy. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
- Moe, Terry M., and William G. Howell. 1999. “The Presidential Power of Unilateral Action.” Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization 15: 132–79.
-
Mullinix, Kevin J.,
Thomas J. Leeper,
James N. Druckman, and
Jeremy Freese. 2015. “The Generalizability of Survey Experiments.” Journal of Experimental Political Science 2: 109–38.
10.1017/XPS.2015.19 Google Scholar
-
Mutz, Diana C., and
Robin Pemantle. 2015. “Standards for Experimental Research: Encouraging a Better Understanding of Experimental Methods.” Journal of Experimental Political Science 2: 192–215.
10.1017/XPS.2015.4 Google Scholar
- Neustadt, Richard E. [1960] 1991. Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents: The Politics of Leadership from Roosevelt to Reagan. New York: Simon and Schuster.
- Nicholson-Crotty, Sean, David A. M. Peterson, and Mark D. Ramirez. 2009. “Dynamic Representation(s): Federal Criminal Justice Policy and an Alternate Dimension of Public Mood.” Political Behavior 31: 629–55.
- Olson, Mancur. [1965] 2000. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Ramirez, Mark D. 2009. “The Dynamics of Partisan Conflict on Congressional Approval.” American Journal of Political Science 53: 681–94.
- Rapeli, Lauri. 2016. “Public Support for Expert Decision-Making: Evidence from Finland.” Politics 36: 142–52.
- Reeves, Andrew, and Jon C. Rogowski. 2015. “Public Opinion Toward Presidential Power.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 45: 742–59.
- Reeves, Andrew, and Jon C. Rogowski. 2016. “Unilateral Powers, Public Opinion, and the Presidency.” The Journal of Politics 78: 137–51.
- Reeves, Andrew, Jon C. Rogowski, Min Hee Seo, and Andrew Stone. 2017. “The Contextual Determinants of Support for Unilateral Action.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 47: 448–70.
- Shaffer, Juliet P. 1995. “Multiple Hypothesis Testing.” Annual Review of Psychology 46: 561–84.
- Smith, Daniel A., Kevin M. Leyden, and Stephen A. Borrelli. 1998. “Predicting the Outcomes of Presidential Commissions: Evidence from the Johnson and Nixon Years.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 28: 269–85.
- Smith, Steven S., and Hong Min Park. 2013. “Americans' Attitudes About the Senate Filibuster.” American Politics Research 41: 735–60.
-
Tama, Jordan. 2011. Terrorism and National Security Reform: How Commissions Can Drive Change During Crises. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9780511976636 Google Scholar
- Tama, Jordan. 2014. “Crises, Commissions, and Reform: The Impact of Blue-Ribbon Panels.” Political Research Quarterly 67: 152–64.
- Tesler, Michael. 2012. “The Spillover of Racialization into Health Care: How President Obama Polarized Public Opinion by Racial Attitudes and Race.” American Journal of Political Science 56: 690–704.
- Thomas, Evan. “Tragicomic Tale of the 9/11 Report,” New York Times, 4 February 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/04/books/04thom.html?_r=0 (accessed May 26, 2017).
-
Weaver, R. Kent. 1986. “The Politics of Blame Avoidance.” Journal of Public Policy 6: 371–98.
10.1017/S0143814X00004219 Google Scholar
- Wildavsky, Aaron. 1966. “The Two Presidencies.” Trans-Action 4: 7–14.
- Wojcieszak, Magdalena. 2014. “Preferences for Political Decision-Making Processes and Issue Publics.” Public Opinion Quarterly 78: 917–39.
- Wolanin, Thomas R. 1975. Presidential Advisory Commissions. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
-
Zaller, John R. 1992. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10.1017/CBO9780511818691 Google Scholar
-
Zegart, Amy B. 2004. “Blue Ribbons, Black Boxes: Toward a Better Understanding of Presidential Commissions.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 34: 366–93.
10.1111/j.1741-5705.2004.00049.x Google Scholar